Efecto del ejercicio sobrel el tejido óseorevisión de los aspectos más importantes

  1. Pérez Ruiz, Margarita
  2. García Pastor, Teresa
Revista:
Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

ISSN: 1579-5225

Año de publicación: 2003

Volumen: 2

Número: 3

Páginas: 51-58

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openABACUS editor

Otras publicaciones en: Kronos: revista universitaria de la actividad física y el deporte

Resumen

La osteoporosis es un desorden metabólico óseo caracterizado por la reducción cuantitativa del tejido óseo, aumentando como consecuencia la fragilidad de los huesos, y por tanto, la posibilidad de padecer una fractura, aunque sea por traumatismos mínimos. Los pacientes pueden desconocer que la padecen hasta que se produce la fractura o se descubre una vértebra gravemente dañada. Es el problema más serio que aparece principalmente en la menopausia, por cuanto el 25% de las mujeres de raza blanca mayores de 60 años experimentan fracturas óseas osteoporóticas y el 17% de las ancianas fallecen dentro de los 3 meses de una fractura de cadera. También es una delas complicaciones más serias que aparecen en atletas que presentan amenorrea. También se le llama la epidemia silenciosa del siglo XX, porque la pérdida de la masa ósea puede permanecer asintomática durante largos períodos de tiempo. Cuando la osteoporosis es detectable por una radiografía ya se ha perdido un 25% de masa ósea, por ello es importante prevenir la pérdida de masa ósea. Esta revisión trata de hacer una puesta al día de los estudios realizados hasta la fecha sobre osteoporosis y ejercicio, analizando el tipo, la intensidad, la frecuencia y la duración de ejercicio recomendados para prevenir o intentar mantener el equilibrio de la masa ósea. Además, analiza otro aspecto importante que debemos tener en cuenta cuando el ejercicio es realizado de forma intensa en etapas jóvenes de la vida, este ejercicio intenso puede producir desajustes hormonales que lleguen a provocar un hipoestrogenismo, este estado hormonal mantenido puede tener un efecto deletéreo sobre el esqueleto de la mujer deportista; como consecuencia hay una disminución de la masa ósea en mujeres en etapa prepuberal, que puede provocar que estas mujeres no alcancen el pico de masa ósea deseado. Su densidad ósea puede llegar a ser un 20% menor que en una mujer no amenorreica. El deterioro es potencialmente más importante, porque todavía no han alcanzado el pico de masa ósea, y una pérdida temprana de la densidad ósea les puede afectar para el resto de sus vidas

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