Neumonías neonatales

Résumé

The lung is the most common site of entry of the microorganisms causing sepsis in the newborn infant. This invasion can occur during the prenatal period and labor, as well as during the postnatal period. Thus, we must closely monitor signs suggestive of respiratory distress in the newborn infant in order to establish an early diagnosis and initiate treatment. These conditions are associated with a high rate of morbidity, and it is estimated that, in developing countries, approximately 800,000 neonatal deaths a year are due to respiratory infections. In our population, the incidence is calculated to be less than 1%, but it would be nearly 10% in children with co-morbidity if the population includes those with a birth weight adequate for their gestational age and full-term and premature infants. In addition, in clinical practice, it is observed that in nearly every case of sepsis, there is more or less significant evidence of pulmonary involvement in both the clinical and radiological examinations. In this article, we review the different aspects and challenges associated with neonatal pneumonia, focusing especially on the most common microorganisms and the therapeutic approach.