Relación entre la conducta suicida del trastorno depresivo mayor con marcadores genéticos de lípidos

Abstract

Suicide is one of the most important public health problems worldwide, causing around one million of deaths per year, with an estimated rate of 11.6 per 100,000 inhabitants. It is a multifactorial issue and there are several models that have tried to explain it. What is thoroughly demonstrated is the presence of a mental disorder behind the great majority of suicides. Within these, depression is widely prevalent. On the other hand, family studies indicate that there is some genetic aggregation in suicide; and it has been found that there are certain genetic polymorphisms involved in an increased risk of suicide. Finally, another branch of the study on suicidal behavior has been the lipidic metabolism, since a possible relationship between low cholesterol levels and suicide was published in the 1970s. However, the data obtained to date are not consistent. The aim of the present study is to consider whether there is a common genetic alteration in the lipidic metabolism that could be a risk to carry out suicidal acts in patients suffering from depressive disorders. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in order to analyze polymorphic variants and haplotypes related to lipidic metabolism in depressive patients with an attempted suicide. The sample consisted of a total of 791 subjects of Spanish nationality. 414 healthy controls and 377 depressive patients, of whom 245 had made a suicide attempt and 132 had not, who also served as a depressive control group. A multinomial logistic analysis adjusted for age, sex, diagnosis of anxiety and substance use was performed and a total of 10 statistically significant polymorphisms (SNPs) were found (p <0.05) related to the suicidal behavior of depressive patients: rs10493377, rs1076063, rs1137101, rs12041859, rs1805134, rs2167270, rs2269657, rs3806318, rs7799039 and rs9324026. These are polymorphisms (SNPs) of the following genes: LEP, LEPR, ASTN1, DNAJC6, PPARGC1B, SREBF2 and miRNAs-370 and 488. CONCLUSIONS. The SNPs rs10493377, rs1805134, rs3806318, rs2167270 and rs1137101 were associated with an increased risk of suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder. The SNPs rs10493377, rs12041859, rs7799039, rs9324026 and rs1076063, with protection against suicidal behavior. More studies are needed, preferable prospective, in order to replicate these data, and to consider the possible implication of some genes placed in the locus 1p31.3 and leptin on suicidal behavior.