Tratamiento de la intoxicación por organofosforados en aves rapaces

Resum

Agricultural and veterinarian applications of organophosphorus (OP) with anticholinesterase properties have been responsible for some mortality and morbility of wildlife species. OP are one of main class of insecticides, in use since the mid 1940s, which can exert adverse effects in non-target species. Raptors are susceptible to primary poisoning and also secondary poisoning by feeding on incidentally or intentionally poisoned birds or mammals. The toxicity of OP is due to the disruption of the nervous system through the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes. Because of the phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase, they exert primarily a cholinergic toxicity; however, some can also cause a delayed polyneuropathy. Birds appear to be more sensitive than other vertebrates to the toxic effects of OP due to enzymatic differences. Supportive therapy includes washing exposed skin and feathers or/and activated charcoal and catartic treatment after oral ingetion. Atropine and oximes are used as sinthomatologic and etiologic treatment, respectively. New pharmacologic perspectives are present in this revision.