Adicciones a internet y funciones ejecutivas en estudiantes universitariosuna revisión sistemática
- Bernabéu Brotóns, Elena 1
- Marchena Giráldez, Carlos Alberto 1
- González Pizzio, Adriana 1
- Lubrini, Genny 2
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1
Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
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2
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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ISSN: 1696-2095
Año de publicación: 2020
Título del ejemplar: 1 de diciembre de 2020
Volumen: 18
Número: 52
Páginas: 613-642
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Electronic journal of research in educational psychology
Resumen
La adicción a internet es un problema de salud pública cada vez mayor, y los estudiantes universitarios reúnen una serie de características que les convierte en población de riesgo. Numerosos estudios sugieren una relación entre adicciones y alteración en las funciones ejecutivas. Se presenta una revisión bibliográfica que tiene por objetivo identificar variables neuropsicológicas de riesgo para el desarrollo de la adicción a las diferentes aplicaciones de la web en la etapa universitaria. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de estudios empíricos publicados entre 2000 y 2019 sobre la relación entre adicción a internet y función ejecutiva en esta población a través de bases de datos online (Medline, PsycInfo, PubMED, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science). Tras eliminar registros duplicados y aplicar criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 30 artículos. Los resultados sugieren la implicación de las funciones ejecutivas (control inhibitorio, toma de decisiones y fluidez verbal), aunque no permiten establecer un perfil de riesgo claro para el desarrollo de adicciones a internet. Parece necesario profundizar en la naturaleza de esta relación, diferenciando entre las diferentes aplicaciones y controlando variables como el género, la naturaleza de la tarea y el tipo de estímulo, con el fin de elaborar estrategias preventivas eficaces.
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