Estudio experimental sobre el patrón de penetración del cemento óseo en la artroplastia de rodilla según la técnica de cementación empleada

Abstract

Objective: To assess the distribution and penetration of the cement mantle in knee arthroplasty depending on technique used. Material and method: Parts were cemented in the second and fifth minute using two techniques: digital pressurization (fingerpacking) directly over the model (technique M) or over the implant (technique P). We analyze digitally the photographs of the cemented models determining length of the cement mantle, percentage penetration and mean penetration. Results: The best quality of cement mantle was obtained with the technique M applied in the second minute, which achieved a mean penetration of 4.44 mm and a percentage penetration of 79.36%; technique P in the fifth minute obtained poorer result (2.12 mm and 45.79%), these differences being significant (p = 0.029). The tangential planes (anterior and posterior) proved to be poorer cemented, with a mean penetration of 2 mm. The technique M obtained the longest cement mantle in these two planes (35 mm and 17.9 mm), while tehnique P covered < 50% of the length of the plane (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Fingerpacking pressurization over the bone surface achieves a greater depth and percentage penetration of the cement mantle than cementing over the prosthetic implant. Tangential femoral cuts (anterior and posterior) are fixed unstably if it is cemented over the implant.