Public works and the spanish colonial agenda of sanitation, order, and control in the late eighteenth-century to nineteenth-century Manila

Abstract

In the late eighteenth to the nineteenth century, Manila first witnessed its first phase of intensive urbanization and development bolstered by the social and economic transformations and the ballooning of its population. The heightened city movement and rapid city growth produced varied problems of sanitation, order, and control and posed challenges to the administration of the colonial capital. Moreover, the spread of infectious diseases and waves of cholera epidemic aggravated the city´s condition. During this time, increased public works were introduced by the Spanish colonial government in Manila to bring solutions to the growing urban needs and problems of the colony...