Estudio retrospectivo sobre la presencia de dientes supernumerarios asociados a patologías locales y sistémicas en el paciente pediátricotrabajo ganador del Certamen jóvenes odontopediatras 2019

Abstract

Hyperdontia is an alteration present in our species since millions of years ago. However, its etiology is not accurately known yet. The importance of knowing its cause and its association to other pathologies is essential to carry out a successful diagnosis and treatment plan. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies because of number excess and its association with general syndromes or other congenital alterations in patients that attended the Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of La Paz University Hospital in Madrid between 2014 and 2017. This study was carried out in the pediatric dentistry department of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of La Paz University Hospital in Madrid. Initially, a bibliographical review was conducted. Afterwards, 4.968 medical histories compiled between 2014-2017 were analyzed in retrospective, with the following inclusion criteria: completed medical records, patients between 6 and 17 at the moment of the assessment and quality orthopantomographies were used for the search of supernumerary teeth. We noticed that 76 out of the 4.968 medical histories studied were compliant with our criteria, and 39 patients out of these 76 had extra teeth. Single supernumerary teeth were predominant in 64,1% of the cases, and to a greater extent in male patients. Among the patients with hyperdontia, 36% of them suffered an associated pathology. Mainly, cleidocraneal dysplasia and lip-palate fissure. In some cases, we observed an increase of teeth number in patients with conditions such as drepanocytosis (14,29%), KSteiner syndrome (7,14%), Gardner’s syndrome (7,14%), Asperger’s (7,4%) and Von Willebrand disease (7,14%). From the medical histories analyzed in this study, we obtained a low number of patients with supernumerary teeth. However, we found a relation between many of these patients with hyperdontia and other local and systemic pathologies, with lip-palate fissure and cleidocraneal dysplasia standing out. Knowing the associated pathologies of our patients is essential to conduct a complete medical history and an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. We must always keep a constant doctor-dentist interrelation in order to confirm or disregard the presence of associated medical pathologies.