¿Aplazando la llegada del primer hijo?Un estudio cualitativo sobre las percepciones en torno al retraso de la fecundidad

  1. González Hincapié, Viviana 1
  2. López López, María Teresa 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Journal:
Papers: revista de sociología

ISSN: 0210-2862,  2013-9004

Year of publication: 2021

Volume: 106

Issue: 2

Pages: 221-253

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5565/REV/PAPERS.2735 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDDD editor

More publications in: Papers: revista de sociología

Abstract

In a scenario of lowest-low fertility levels like the Spanish one, characterized by a postponement transition, especially for first births, this paper looks into the most relevant perceptions and values which may be affecting the childbearing delay for the first child among people aged between 25 and 45 in the Community of Madrid. Based upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to the fertility decision-making process, and by means of 16 in-depth qualitative interviews carried out in 2017 among women and men, the article aims at inquiring whether the expected negative outcomes of having a child, the perceived normative social pressures and the perception of dependence on external factors, are directly influencing the decision of having a first child. This article includes significant contributions from studies about fertility determinants and provides qualitative evidence about the factors that have an impact on this delay. The perceived motherhood penalty in the labor market, specially related to career progression, the perceived negative outcomes in terms of leisure time and freedom of movement, and the late achievement of the economic stability considered as ideal in order to have a child, may be having an impact on the postponement of the first childbearing. Our results suggest that social normative pressure may be less influential in Spain, while the high value attributed to individual autonomy may contribute to the delay of parenthood.

Bibliographic References

  • Adsera, Alicia (2011). «Where Are the Babies? Labor Market Conditions and Fertility in Europe». European Journal of Population / Revue Européenne de Démographie, 27 (1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-010-9222-x
  • Ajzen, Icek (2002). «Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior». Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32 (4), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
  • Alvarez, Bruna (2018). «Reproductive Decision Making in Spain: Heterosexual Couples’ Narratives About How They Chose to Have Children». Journal of Family Issues, 39 (13), 3.487-3.507. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X18783494
  • Bachrach, Christine A. y Morgan, S. P. (2011). «Further reflections on the Theory of Planned Behaviour and fertility research». Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 71-74. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2011s71
  • Balbo, Nicoletta; Billari, Francesco C. y Mills, Melinda (2013). «Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research». European Journal of Population / Revue Européenne de Démographie, 29 (1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y
  • Beaujouan, Éva y Sobotka, Tomáš (2017). «Late motherhood in low-fertility countries: Reproductive intentions, trends and consequence». Vienna Institute of Demography Working Papers (02/2017).
  • Billari, Francesco (2004). «Becoming an Adult in Europe: A Macro(/Micro)-Demographic Perspective». Demographic Research, S3, 15-44. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2004.S3.2
  • Billari, Francesco y Kohler, Hans-Peter (2004). «Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe». Population Studies, 58 (2), 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/0032472042000213695
  • Billari, Francesco C.; Philipov, Dimiter y Testa, Maria R. (2009). «Attitudes, Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control: Explaining Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria». European Journal of Population / Revue Européenne de Démographie, 25 (4), 439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-009-9187-9
  • Bueno, Xiana y Brinton, Mary C. (2019). «Gender egalitarianism, perceived economic insecurity, and fertility intentions in Spain: A qualitative analysis». Population Studies, 73 (2), 247-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2019.1604979
  • Castro Martín, Teresa; Martín García, Teresa; Cordero, Julia y Seiz, Marta (2018). «El desafío de la baja fecundidad en España». En: Blanco, Agustín; Chueca, Antonio; López-Ruiz, José A. y Mora, Sebastián (eds.). Informe España 2018. Salamanca, 164-228.
  • Ciritel, A.-A.; Rose, A. de y Arezzo, M. F. (2019). «Childbearing intentions in a low fertility context: the case of Romania». Genus, 75 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-018-0046-6
  • Correll, Shelley J.; Benard, Stephen y Paik, In (2007). «Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?». American Journal of Sociology, 112 (5), 1.297-1.339. https://doi.org/10.1086/511799
  • Delgado, M.; Rose, A. de; Barrios, L. y Lopez, F. Z. (2009). «The delay of maternity and its causes: An analysis of the timing of the first child in Spain». Genus, 65 (2), 79-111.
  • Dommermuth, L.; Klobas, J. y Lappegård, T. (2011). «Now or later? The Theory of Planned Behavior and timing of fertility intentions». Advances in Life Course Research, 16 (1), 42-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2011.01.002
  • Doren, Catherine (2019). «Which Mothers Pay a Higher Price? Education Differences in Motherhood Wage Penalties by Parity and Fertility Timing». Sociological Science, 6, 684-709. https://doi.org/10.15195/v6.a26
  • Eurostat (2020). «Database: Fertility». Últimos datos publicados. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00017&plugin=1 .
  • Fahlén, Susanne y Oláh, Livia S. (2018). «Economic uncertainty and first-birth intentions in Europe». Demographic Research, 39, 795-834. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.28
  • Gauthier, Madeleine y Charbonneau, Johanne (2002). Jeunes et fécondité les facteurs en cause: Revue de la littérature et synthèse critique. Montreal: Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Urbanisation, Culture et Société.
  • González, María-José; Cortina, Clara y Rodríguez, Jorge (2019). «The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Hiring: A Field Experiment». European Sociological Review, 35 (2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcy055
  • Gustafsson, Siv (2001). «Optimal age at motherhood. Theoretical and empirical considerations on postponement of maternity in Europe». Journal of Population Economics, 14 (2), 225-247. hhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s001480000051
  • Gustafsson, Siv (2005). «Having Kids Later. Economic Analyses for Industrialized Countries». Review of Economics of the Household, 3 (1), 5-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-004-0977-x
  • INE (2018). «Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018: datos agregados». http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177006&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573002 .
  • INE (2019a). «Estadística de nacimientos: movimiento natural de la población». http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177007&menu=resultados&idp=1254735573002 .
  • INE (2019b). «Indicadores demográficos básicos: natalidad y fecundidad». https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177003&menu=resultados&secc=1254736195380&idp=1254735573002#!tabs-1254736195380 .
  • Jurado-Guerrero, Teresa; Montferrer, Jordi M.; Botía-Morillas, Carmen y Abril, Francisco (2018). «Formal and Informal Workplace Support for New Fathers in Spain». En: Musumeci, Rosy y Santero, Arianna (eds.). Fathers, childcare and work: Cultures, practices and policies (primera edición). Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing, 131-153.
  • Klobas, Jane E. y Ajzen, Icek (2015). «Making the Decision to Have a Child». En: Philipov, Dimiter; Liefbroer, Aart C. y Klobas, Jane E. (eds.). Reproductive Decision-Making in a Macro-Micro Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 41-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9401-5_3
  • Kohler, Hans-Peter; Billari, Francesco C. y Ortega, José A. (2002). «The Emergence of Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s». Population and Development Review, 28 (4), 641-680. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2002.00641.x
  • Kreyenfeld, Michaela (2009). «Uncertainties in Female Employment Careers and the Postponement of Parenthood in Germany». European Sociological Review, 26 (3), 351-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcp026
  • Kreyenfeld, Michaela; Andersson, Gunnar y Pailhé, Ariane (2012). «Economic Uncertainty and Family Dynamics in Europe». Demographic Research, 27, 835-852. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28
  • Lebano, A. y Jamieson, L. (2020). «Childbearing in Italy and Spain: Postponement Narratives». Population and Development Review, 46 (1), 121-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12313
  • Lesthaeghe, Ron (1983). «A Century of Demographic and Cultural Change in Western Europe: An Exploration of Underlying Dimensions». Population and Development Review, 9 (3), 411-435. https://doi.org/10.2307/1973316
  • Lesthaeghe, Ron (2010). «The Unfolding Story of the Second Demographic Transition». Population and Development Review, 36 (2), 211-251. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x
  • Liefbroer, Aart C. (2011). «On the usefulness of the Theory of Planned Behaviour for fertility research». Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2011s55
  • Liefbroer, Aart C. y Billari, Francesco C. (2010). «Bringing norms back in: a theoretical and empirical discussion of their importance for understanding demographic behaviour». Population, Space and Place, 16 (4), 287-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.552
  • Liefbroer, Aart C.; Klobas, Jane E.; Philipov, Dimiter y Ajzen, Icek (2015). «Reproductive Decision-Making in a Macro-Micro Perspective: A Conceptual Framework». En: Philipov, Dimiter; Liefbroer, Aart C. y Klobas, Jane E. (eds.). Reproductive Decision-Making in a Macro-Micro Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9401-5_1
  • López López, María T. y González Hincapié, Viviana (2017). Tener hijos, ¿forma parte del proyecto vital de los madrileños?: Maternidad, paternidad y trabajo remunerado en la Comunidad de Madrid. 2017. Madrid: Cinca https://eprints.ucm.es/55537
  • Matysiak, A.; Sobotka, T. y Vignoli, D. (2020). «The Great Recession and Fertility in Europe: A Sub-national Analysis». European Journal of Population. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09556-y
  • McDonald, Peter (2013). «Societal foundations for explaining fertility: Gender equity». Demographic Research, S16 (34), 981-994. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.28.34
  • Miller, Amalia R. (2011a). «The effects of motherhood timing on career path». Journal of Population Economics, 24 (3), 1.071-1.100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-009-0296-x
  • Miller, Warren B. (2011b). «Differences between fertility desires and intentions: implications for theory, research and policy». Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 75-98. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2011s75
  • Miller, Warren B. y Pasta, David J. (1994). «The Psychology of Child Timing: A Measurement Instrument and a Model». Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24 (3), 218-250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1994.tb00580.x
  • Morgan, S. P. y Bachrach, Christine A. (2011). «Is the Theory of Planned Behaviour an appropriate model for human fertility?». Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 9, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2011s11
  • Noguera, Carles S.; Golsch, Katrin y Steinhage, Nikolei (2002). «Increasing uncertainty in the Spanish labor market and entry into parenthood». Genus, 58 (1), 77-119.
  • Philipov, Dimiter; Liefbroer, Aart C. y Klobas, Jane E. (eds.) (2015). Reproductive Decision-Making in a Macro-Micro Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Rica, Sara de la e Iza, Amaia (2005). «Career Planning in Spain: Do Fixed-term Contracts Delay Marriage and Parenthood?». Review of Economics of the Household, 3 (1), 49-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-004-0979-8
  • Sampedro, Rosario; Gómez, M. V. y Montero, Mercedes (2002). «Maternidad tardía: incidencia, perfiles y discursos». Empiria. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales, 0 (5), 11. https://doi.org/10.5944/empiria.5.2002.911
  • Seiz, Marta (2013). «Voluntary Childlessness in Southern Europe: The Case of Spain». Population Review, 52 (1), 110-128. https://doi.org/10.1353/prv.2013.0006
  • Surkyn, Johan y Lesthaeghe, Ron (2004). «Value Orientations and the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) in Northern, Western and Southern Europe: An Update». Demographic Research, S3, 45-86. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2004.S3.3
  • Valles Martínez, Miguel S. (2009). Técnicas cualitativas de investigación social: Reflexión metodológica y práctica profesional. Madrid: Síntesis.
  • Vidal-Coso, Elena y Miret-Gamundi, Pau (2017). «Características de las madres primerizas y de los padres primerizos en la España del siglo xxi / Characteristics of First-time Parents in Spain along the 21st Century». Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.160.115
Data source: Dialnet