Efecto de la luz, la temperatura y la competencia en la fase gametofítica de dos helechos nemorales"Athyrium filix-femina" y "Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis".

  1. Pangua Fernández-Valdés, Emilia 1
  2. Pajarón, Santiago 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Botanica complutensis

ISSN: 0214-4565

Año de publicación: 2021

Número: 45

Páginas: 236-247

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/BOCM.74725 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Botanica complutensis

Resumen

Athyrium filix-femina y Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis son dos helechos nemorales que conviven con frecuencia. La viabilidad y la rapidez de germinación de las esporas, así como el posterior crecimiento del gametófito son claves para el éxito competitivo de los helechos en un determinado hábitat.Se establecieron cultivos monoespecíficos y de ambas especies mezcladas, sometidos a 10º, 15º y 20 ºC, y a esta última temperatura, a bajas intensidades de luz, de 1.8 a 1.0 µmol m-2s-1. Se calcularon los porcentajes y tiempos de germinación, T50, y se estudiaron el desarrollo del gametófito y la expresión sexual, teniendo en cuenta que Athyrium filix-femina presenta un ciclo de reproducción sexual, mientras que Dryopteris affinis subsp. affinis es un taxón de apogamia obligada. Los porcentajes de germinación final fueron elevados en general, siendo algo mayores en los cultivos con esporas mezcladas. Sin embargo, la temperatura influyó claramente en el tiempo de germinación (T50), siendo menor en Dryopteris a cualquiera de las temperaturas estudiadas. Cultivos con bajas intensidades de luz, alcanzaron altos porcentajes de germinación, disminuyendo significativamente a 1 µmol m-2 s-1, especialmente en Athyrium. La expresión sexual en cultivos con mezcla de esporas a 20ºC y 50 µmol m-2 s-1 en suelo, fue similar a los tres y seis meses, con un alto porcentaje de femeninos en Athyrium, favoreciendo un cruzamiento esporofítico, y con un elevado número de esporófitos apógamos en Dryopteris. En los cultivos control, monoespecíficos, se formaron mayoritariamente masculinos.

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