Arteritis de las células gigantes. Recomendaciones en Atención Primaria

  1. M. Frías-Vargas 1
  2. A.C. Aguado-Castaño 2
  3. C. Robledo-Orduña 3
  4. A. García-Lerín 4
  5. M.Á. González-Gay 5
  6. O. García-Vallejo 1
  1. 1 Centro de Salud Comillas, Madrid, España
  2. 2 Centro de Salud Babel, Alicante, España
  3. 3 Centro de Salud San Vicente del Raspeig I, Alicante, España
  4. 4 Centro de Salud Almendrales, Madrid, España
  5. 5 Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, España
Revista:
Semergen: revista española de medicina de familia

ISSN: 1138-3593

Año de publicación: 2021

Número: 4

Páginas: 256-266

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.SEMERG.2021.04.002 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Semergen: revista española de medicina de familia

Resumen

La arteritis de células gigantes es una vasculitis sistémica con importante afectación intra y extracraneal que, con diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento en Atención Primaria, puede mejorar su pronóstico al tratarse de una emergencia médica. Nuestro grupo de trabajo de vasculopatías de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) ha elaborado una serie de recomendaciones con la evidencia científica actual para su abordaje y seguimiento de una manera multidisciplinar desde atención primaria.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • M. González-Gay, M. Ortego-Jurado, L. Ercole, N. Ortego-Centeno Giant cell arteritis: is the clinical spectrum of the disease changing? BMC Geriatrics., 19 (2019), p. 200, 10.1186/s12877-019-1225-9 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • F. Ceccato, S. Paira Compromiso de grandes vasos en arteritis de células gigantes Semin Fund Esp Reumatol., 6 (2005), pp. 53-63 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. Koster, E. Matteson, K. Warrington Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: diagnosis, monitoring and management Rheumatology., 57 (2018), pp. ii32-ii42 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Crowson, E. Matteson Contemporary prevalence estimates for giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica, 2015 Semin Arthritis Rheum., 47 (2017), pp. 253-256 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J. Lee, S. Naguwa, G. Cheema, M. Gershwin The geo-epidemiology of temporal (giant cell) arteritis Clin Rev Allergy Immunol., 35 (2008), pp. 88-95 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, C. García-Porrúa Epidemiology of the vasculitides Rheum Dis Clin North Am., 27 (2001), pp. 729-749, 10.1016/s0889-857x(05)70232-5 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, J.A. Miranda-Filloy, M.J. López-Díaz, R. Pérez-Alvárez, C. González-Juanatey, A. Sánchez-Andrade, et al. Giant cell arteritis in northwestern Spain: a 25-year epidemiologic study Medicine (Baltimore)., 86 (2007), pp. 61-68, 10.1097/md.0b013e31803d1764 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C.L. Hill, R.J. Black, J.C. Nossent, C. Ruediger, L. Nguyen, J.V. Ninan, et al. Risk of mortality in patients with giant cell arteritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis Semin Arthritis Rheum., 46 (2017), pp. 513-519 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • T.J. Schwedt, D.W. Dodick, R.J. Caselli Giant cell arteritis Curr Pain Headache Rep., 10 (2006), pp. 415-420 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.C. Cid-Xutglà, J. Hernández-Rodríguez Vasculitis (19ª Ed.)C. Rozman-Borstnar, F. Cardellach (Eds.), Farraeras Rozman. Medicina Interna, 1, Elsevier, España (2020), pp. 1057-1072 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • G.G. Hunder, D.A. Bloch, B.A. Michel, M.B. Stevens, W.P. Arend, L.H. Calabrese, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis: is there over-utilization? Arthritis Rheum., 33 (1990), pp. 1122-1128 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • G. Ostberg On arteritis with special reference to polymyalgia arteritica Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl., 237 (1973), pp. 1-59 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, T.R. Vázquez-Rodríguez, M.J. López-Díaz, J.A. Miranda-Filloy, C. González-Juanatey, J. Martín, et al. Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica Arthritis Rheum., 61 (2009), pp. 1454-1461 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J. Hernández-Rodríguez, G. Espígol-Frigolé, S. Prieto-González, M.A. Alba, M.C. Cid Xutgla Vasculitis sistémicas Vasculitis de gran vaso: arteritis de células gigantes y arteritis de Takayasu. Arteritis de pequeño vaso: vasculitis crioglobulinémica y vasculitis por IgA La abreviatura correcta es: Medicine (Barc.), 12 (2017), pp. 1690-1703 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • D.S. Younger Giant Cell Arteritis Neurol Clin., 37 (2019), pp. 335-344 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A. Acosta-Mérida, F. Francisco Hernández Diagnóstico y tratamiento de una arteritis temporal en urgencias Semin Fund Esp Reumatol., 13 (2012), pp. 134-141 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • F. Ciccia, A. Rizzo, A. Ferrante, G. Guggino, S. Croci, A. Cavazza, et al. New insights into the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis Autoimmun Rev., 16 (2017), pp. 675-683 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Weyand, J. Goronzy Clinical practice Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica N Engl J Med., 371 (2014), pp. 50-57 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C.M. Weyand, J.J. Goronzy Immune mechanisms in medium and large-vessel vasculitis Nat Rev Rheumatol., 9 (2013), pp. 731-740 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A. Pfeil, P. Oelzner, P. Hellmann The Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis in Different Clinical Settings Front Immunol., 9 (2019), p. 3129, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03129 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, T. Pina, D. Prieto-Peña, M. Calderón-Goercke, O. Gualillo, S. Castañeda Treatment of giant cell arteritis Biochem Pharmacol., 165 (2019), pp. 230-239 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • I. Villa, M. Aguado-Bilbao, V.M. Martínez-Taboada Avances en el diagnóstico de las vasculitis de vasos de gran calibre: identificación de biomarcadores y estudios de imagen Reumatol Clin., 7 (2011), pp. S22-S27 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • D. González-Tobías, M.V. Zamora-Sánchez Polimialgia reumática Arteritis de Horton AMF., 15 (2019), pp. 640-647 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, S. Barros, M.J. López-Díaz, C. García-Porrúa, A. Sánchez-Andrade, J. Llorca Giant cell arteritis: disease patterns of clinical presentation in a series of 240 patients Medicine (Baltimore)., 84 (2005), pp. 269-276 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A.T. Borchers, M.E. Gershwin Giant cell arteritis: a review of classification, pathophysiology, geoepidemiology and treatment Autoinmun Rev., 11 (2012), pp. A544-A554 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, T.R. Vázquez-Rodríguez, I. Gómez-Acebo, R. Pego-Reigosa, M.J. López-Díaz, M.C. Vázquez-Triñanes, et al. Strokes at time of disease diagnosis in a series of 287 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis Medicine (Baltimore)., 88 (2009), pp. 227-235, 10.1097/MD.0b013e3181af4518 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J.C. Amor-Dorado, J. Llorca, C. García-Porrua, C. Costa, N. Pérez-Fernández, M.A. Gónzalez-Gay Audiovestibular manifestations in giant cell arteritis: a prospective study Medicine (Baltimore)., 82 (2003), pp. 13-26, 10.1097/00005792-200301000-00002 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, C. García-Porrua, A. Piñeiro, R. Pego-Reigosa, J. Llorca, G.G. Hunder Aortic aneurysm and dissection in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis from northwestern Spain: a population-based study Medicine (Baltimore)., 83 (2004), pp. 335-341, 10.1097/01.md.0000145366.40805.f8 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, D. Prieto-Peña, M. Calderón-Goercke, B. Atienza-Mateo, S. Castañeda Giant cell arteritis: more than a cranial disease Clin Exp Rheumatol., 38 (2020), pp. 15-17 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, G. Rubiera, A. Piñeiro, C. García-Porrúa, R. Pego-Reigosa, C. González-Juanatey, et al. Ischemic heart disease in patients from Northwest Spain with biopsy proven giant cell arteritis. A population based study J Rheumatol., 32 (2005), pp. 502-506 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, D. Prieto-Peña, I. Martínez-Rodríguez, M. Calderón-Goercke, I. Banzo, R. Blanco, et al. Early Large Vessel Systemic Vasculitis in Adults Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol., 33 (2019), p. 101424, 10.1016/j.berh.2019.06.006 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Salvarani, C. Della Bella, L. Cimino, P. Macchioni, D. Formisano, G. Bajocchi, et al. Risk factors for severe craneal ischaemic events in an italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis Rhaumatology (Oxford)., 48 (2009), pp. 250-253 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, E.L. Matteson, S. Castañeda Polymyalgia rheumatica Lancet., 390 (2017), pp. 1700-1712, 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31825-1 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J.A. Prior, H. Ranjbar, J. Belcher, S.L. Mackie, T. Helliwell, J. Liddl, et al. Diagnostic delay for giant cell arteritis-a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Med., 15 (2017), p. 120 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. Samson, P. Ornetti, B. Bonnotte Arteritis de células gigantes (enfermedad de Horton) - Seudopoliartritis rizomélica EMC - Tratado de medicina, 23 (2019), pp. 1-10 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. González-Gay, C. García-Porrúa, J. Llorca, A. Hajeer, F. Brañas, A. Dababneh, et al. Visual Manifestations of Giant Cell Arteritis: Trends and Clinical Spectrum in 161 Patients Medicine (Baltimore)., 79 (2000), pp. 283-292 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, R. Blanco, V. Rodríguez-Valverde, V.M. Martínez-Taboada, M. Delgado-Rodríguez, M. Figueroa, et al. Permanent visual loss and cerebrovascular accidents in giant cell arteritis: predictors and response to treatment Arthritis Rheum., 41 (1998), pp. 1497-1504 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, S. Castañeda, J. Llorca Giant cell arteritis: Visual loss is our major concern J Rheumatol., 43 (2016), pp. 1458-1461 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, M.J. López-Díaz, S. Barros, C. García-Porrúa, A. Sánchez-Andrade, J. Paz-Carreira, et al. Giant cell arteritis: laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis in a series of 240 patients Medicine (Baltimore)., 84 (2005), pp. 277-290, 10.1097/01.md.0000180043.19285.54 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.J. López-Díaz, J. Llorca, C. Gónzalez-Juanatey, J.L. Peña-Sagredo, J. Martín, M.A. Gonzalez-Gay The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is associated with the development of visual complications in biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis Semin Arthritis Rheum., 38 (2008), pp. 116-123, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.10.014 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Duftner, C. Dejaco, A. Sepriano, Falzon Louise, W.A. Schmidt, S. Ramiro Imaging in diagnosis, outcome prediction and monitoring of large vessel vasculitis: a systematic literatura review and meta-analysis informing the EULAR recommendations RMD Open., 4 (2018), p. e000612, 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000612 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Dejaco, S. Ramiro, C. Duftner, F.L. Besoon, T.A. Bley, D. Blockmans, et al. EULAR recomemndations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice Ann Rheum Dis., 77 (2018), pp. 636-643 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • K.T. Calamia, E.L. Matterson, Mazlumzadeh, C.J. Michel, L.E. Mertz, G.G. Hunder Trends in the use of temporal artery biopsy for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: experience in 2539 patients at 3 centers over 11 years (abstract) Arthirtis Rheum., 52 (2005), p. S221 Google Scholar
  • C. Mukhtyar, L. Guillevin, M.C. Cid, B. Dasgupta, K. De Groot, W. Gross, et al. European Vasculitis Study Group EULAR recommendations for the management oflarge vessel vasculitis Ann Rheum Dis., 68 (2009), pp. 318-323 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • Matteson EL, Buttgereit F, Dejaco C, Dasgupta B. Glucocorticoids for management of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2016;42:75-90. Google Scholar
  • D. Prieto-Peña, I. Martínez-Rodríguez, J. Loricera, I. Banzo, M. Calderón-Goercke, V. Calvo-Río, et al. Predictors of positive 18F-FDG PET/CT-scan for large vessel vasculitis in patients with persistent polymyalgia rheumatica Semin Arthritis Rheum., 48 (2019), pp. 720-727, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.05.007 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, T. Pina Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: an update Curr Rheumatol Rep., 17 (2015), pp. 64-67 Google Scholar
  • F. Buttgereit, C. Dejaco, E.L. Matteson, B. Dasgupta Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a systematic review J Am Med Assoc., 315 (2016), pp. 2442-2458 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • L. Martínez-Lado, C. Calviño-Díaz, A. Piñeiro, T. Dierssen, T.R. Vázquez-Rodríguez, J.A. Miranda-Filloyet, et al. Relapses and recurrences in giant cell arteritis: a population-based study of patients with biopsy-proven disease from northwestern Spain Medicine (Baltimore)., 90 (2011), pp. 186-193, 10.1097/MD.0b013e31821c4fad View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • G. Nesher, Y. Berkun, M. Mates, M. Baras, R. Nesher, A. Rubinow, et al. Risk factors for cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis Medicine (Baltimore)., 83 (2004), pp. 114-122, 10.1002/cyto.a.22090 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C.M. Weyand, J.J. Gorozny Giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica Ann Intern Med., 139 (2003), pp. 505-515 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  • C. Salvarani, L. Cimino, P. Macchioni, D. Consonni, F. Cantini, G Bajocchi, et al. Risk factors for visual loss in an Italian population based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis Arthritis Rheum., 53 (2005), pp. 293-297, 10.1002/art.21075 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • K.J. Warrington Giant cell arteritis BMJ Best Practice [sede Web] BMJ Publishing Group Limited, London (2018) Disponible en: http://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/177 Google Scholar
  • M.A. González-Gay, T. Pina, D. Prieto-Peña, M. Calderon-Goercke, R. Blanco, S. Castañeda Current and emerging diagnosis tools and therapeutics for giant cell arteritis Expert Rev Clin Immunol., 14 (2018), pp. 593-605 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Mukhtyar, L. Guillevin, M.C. Cid, B. Dasgupta, K. De Groot, W. Gross, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis Ann Rheum Dis., 68 (2009), pp. 318-323 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A.D. Mahr, J.A. Jover, R.F. Spiera, C. Hernández-García, B. Fernández-Gutiérrez, M.P. Lavalleyet, et al. Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis Arthritis Rheum., 56 (2007), pp. 2789-2797, 10.1002/art.22754 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C. Ponte, J. Martins-Martinho, R.A. Luqmani Diagnosis of giant cell arteritis Rheumatology (Oxford)., 59 (2020), pp. iii5-iii16 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J. Hernández-Rodríguez, M. Segarra, C. Vilardell, M. Sánchez, A. García-Martínez, M.J. Esteban, et al. Elevated production of interleukin-6 is associated with a lower incidence of diseaserelated ischemic events in patients with giant-cell arteritis: angiogenic activity of interleukin-6 as a potential protective mechanism Circulation., 107 (2003), pp. 2428-2434 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A. García-Martínez, J. Hernández-Rodríguez, G. Espigol-Frigole, S. Prieto-González, M. Butjosa, M. Segarra, et al. Clinical relevance of persistently elevated circulating cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6) in the long-term follow up of patients with giant cell arteritis Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)., 62 (2010), pp. 835-841 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • P.M. Villiger, S. Adler, S. Kuchen, F. Wermelinger, D. Dan, V. Fiege, et al. Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: A phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet., 387 (2016), p. 1921 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J.H. Stone, K. Tuckwell, S. Dimonaco, M. Klearman, M. Aringer, D. Blockmans, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis N Engl J Med., 377 (2017), p. 317 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J. Loricera, R. Blanco, J.L. Hernández, S. Castañeda, A. Mera, E. Pérez-Pampín, et al. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis: Multicenter open-label study of 22 patients Semin Arthritis Rheum., 44 (2015), pp. 717-723, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.12.005 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. Calderón-Goercke, J. Loricera, V. Aldasoro, S. Castañeda, I. Villa, A. Humbría, et al. Tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis Observational, open-label multicenter study of 134 patients in clinical practice Semin Arthritis Rheum., 49 (2019), pp. 126-135, 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.01.003 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. Yates, Y.K. Loke, R.A. Watts, A.J. MacGregor Prednisolone combined with adjunctive immunosuppression is not superior to prednisolone alone in terms of efficacy and safety in giant cell arteritis: meta-analysis Clin Rheumatol., 33 (2014), pp. 227-236, 10.1007/s10067-013-2384-2 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • F. Kreiner, H. Galbo Effect of etanercept in polymyalgia rheumatica: a randomized controlled trial Arthritis Res Ther., 12 (2010), p. R176, 10.1186/ar3140 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • C.A. Langford, D. Cuthbertson, S.R. Ytterberg, N. Khalidi, P.A. Monach, S. Carette, et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) for the Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis Arthritis Rheumatol., 69 (2017), pp. 837-845 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • M. De Silva, B.L. Hazleman Azathioprine in giant cell arteritis/polymyalgia rheumatica: a double-blind study Ann Rheum Dis., 45 (1986), pp. 136-138 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • R. Conway, L. O’Neill, E. O’ Flynn, P. Gallagher, G.M. McCarthy, C.C. Murphy, et al. Ustekinumab for the treatment of refractory giant cell arteritis Ann Rheum Dis., 75 (2016), p. 1578 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • L. Quartuccio, M. Maset, G. De Maglio, E. Pontarini, M. Fabris, E. Mansutti, et al. Role of oral cyclophosphamide in the treatment of giant cell arteritis Rheumatology (Oxford)., 51 (2012), pp. 1677-1686 CrossRefView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • V.M. Martínez-Taboada, M. López-Hoyos, J. Narváez, P. Muñoz-Cacho Effect of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy on severe ischemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cumulative meta-analysis Autoimmun Rev., 13 (2014), pp. 788-794, 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.02.006 ArticeDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • A. Proven, S.E. Gabriel, C. Orces, W.M. O’Fallon, G.G. Hunder Glucocorticoid therapy in giant cell arteritis: duration and adverse outcomes Arthritis Rheum., 49 (2003), p. 703, 10.1002/art.11388 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • I. Shbeeb, D. Challah, S. Raheel, Crowson CS1, E.L. Matteson Comparable rates of Glucocorticoid Associated Adverse Events in Patients with Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Comorbidities in the General Population Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)., 70 (2018), pp. 643-647 View Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • S. Hernández-Baldizón ¿Cómo hacer buen uso del metotrexato en artritis reumatoide? Reumatol Clin., 8 (2012), pp. 42-45 ArticleDownload PDFView Record in ScopusGoogle Scholar
  • J. Gómez-Reino, E. Lozano, J.L. Andreu, A. Balsa, E. Batlle, J.D. Cañete, et al. Consenso SER sobre la gestión de riesgo del tratamiento con terapias biológicas en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas Reumatol Clin., 7 (2011), pp. 284-298 ArticleDownload PDFGoogle Scholar