Del ecocidio y los procesos migratorios a la opacidad de la victimización ecológica
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Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
info
ISSN: 1695-0194
Année de publication: 2018
Número: 20
Pages: 1-44
Type: Article
D'autres publications dans: Revista electrónica de ciencia penal y criminología
Résumé
La investigación científica ha demostrado que el daño ambiental no respeta fronteras y las predicciones futuras para la salud de los ecosistemas y los seres humanos no son optimistas. En la actualidad, no existen medidas en el sistema de justicia penal internacional dedicadas a proteger el medio ambiente de los efectos nocivos del ecocidio. Sin embargo, la instauración de una ley de ecocidio ayudaría a paliar el sufrimiento de las poblaciones nativas que desencadena flujos migratorios forzados en aquéllos territorios afectados por daños ambientales, así como al análisis de arquetipos victimológicos dispares. El crimen ambiental posee amplias implicaciones para las víctimas humanas y no humanas, pero también constituye un marco excepcional para llevar a cabo estudios concretos centrados en el derecho a la migración ecológica transnacional, los refugiados climáticos, etc. Este trabajo señala el estado actual del régimen de los desplazamientos internos y transfronterizos a través de aquellas normas que podrían ser aplicables en un contexto geográfico global dirigido a las víctimas ambientales, así como la forma en que algunos efectos negativos, principalmente producidos por crímenes ecológicos, desastres ambientales y prácticas ecocidas, son invisibles para los organismos internacionales. El estudio explora dichas cuestiones y contribuye a la promoción de la propuesta de enmienda del Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional para convertir al ecocidio en el quinto crimen contra la humanidad y cubrir así el vacío legal existente. La aportación teóricocientífica de la Green Criminology es esencial para la consecución de este propósito, debido al aporte crítico de la disciplina tanto en la interpretación del crimen ambiental como en el examen de las consecuencias del comportamiento humano para el medio ambiente, ya sea éste de índole individual, corporativo o estatal.
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