Programa para la mejora de la condición física en escolares de 5-10 añosPrograma Salud 5-10

Abstract

Childhood obesity has increased to reach epidemic proportions, such that today it is a major public health problem, whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Specifically, the global prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 0 to 5 years in 1990 was 4.2%, in 2010 it was 6.7% and the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that by 2020 it will be 9.1%. Spain presents one of the highest figures, only comparable to those of other Mediterranean countries and the United Kingdom. The areas with the highest prevalence of obesity and overweight are in the south, specifically the Canary Islands, Murcia and Andalusia. The percentage of childhood obesity is high and Murcia stands out because the level of prevalence could reach 30% in the population between 6 and 13 years. Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the effects of the "HEALTH 5-10" program in children from 5 to 10 years old with overweight and obesity and to check the incidence of this intervention on the anthropometric parameters, physical condition parameters, analytical and ultrasound parameters. The HEALTH 5-10 Program aims to respond to this reality by offering a training program from the promotion of physical activity and through the development of the components of physical condition related to health. Methods: A field trial was designed with random assignment to the intervention group (GI) in which the HEALTH 5-10 Program was developed during an academic course, or to the control group (CG) that did not change its usual routine. The working group was formed by the Endocrinology Service and the Radiodiagnosis Service of the Virgen de la Arrixaca University Clinical Hospital of the Region of Murcia. Together with the City Council of Molina de Segura, the Hospital de Molina de Segura, the Faculty of Sports Sciences of the University of Murcia and the Foundation for Health Promotion and Research of the Region of Murcia. The size of the final sample was conditioned by the ultrasound tests. Piloting was carried out to study the prevalence of hepatic steatosis by ultrasound in 10 children, which was 35%. The intervention group consisted of 123 schoolchildren and the control group of 25 schoolchildren. Results: In the initial assessment, when the results are analyzed according to sex, significant differences are observed in the% fat variables, in the Maximum Fat Value, in the BMI z-score, in the variables Insulin, Glucose and VC_media_LHD. Obesity and overweight groups did not show significant differences in terms of maximum fat value (GVM), blood pressure, mean HDL, LDL, GOT, GPT, mean GMI max, hepatic lobe shear rate and values of physical condition. When the differences in the initial values between the control and experimental groups were analyzed, significant differences were observed in the variables of Body mass index, BMI z initial score, fat%, GGT, CHOL (mg / dl) and TRI (mg / dl) ). There are also significant differences between the control and experimental groups when schoolchildren are categorized according to their BMI, since in the initial measurement (pre-test) in the experimental group there was a higher percentage of schoolchildren with obesity and in the control group there was a higher percentage of overweight schoolchildren. Conclusions: The HEALTH 5-10 program has a positive effect after considering the results obtained, especially if we take into account that the intervention only focused on the increase in physical activity and no nutritional intervention or inclusion of the family was proposed.