Evaluación de un nuevo sustituto óseo basado en biovidrios mesoporosos suplementados con zinc, osteostatina y células mesenquimales para el tratamiento de defectos críticos

Abstract

Bone regeneration is a continuous process in which osteoclastic (destroying) and osteoblastic (forming) activities occur in a coordinated way. The objective for the bone is to improve its shape and architecture to fulfill its functions as a mechanical support. A properly remodeled bone will replace the original. But there are situations in which the bone repair capacity is exceeded and require an amount of regeneration that exceeds the bone tissue's own potential. These situations occur in large bone defects caused by high-energy trauma, extensive tumor resections, infections, prosthetic loosening or by the treatment of certain skeletal deformities. In this field, our research group has developed the most advanced bioactive mesoporous glasses, bioceramics that we have chosen for our project due to two differential characteristics; generate the fastest in vitro response described by a biomaterial and present a high volume of pores to house osteogenic molecules. Simultaneously, through a joint research team, they have demonstrated the great osteoinductive potential of osteostatin when added to a bioceramic, with advantages over BMPs. If we add the action of mesenchymal cells to this, we consider it essential to create and test a new biomaterial in an animal model that includes both glass and osteostatin and cells, with the aim of laying the foundations for the development of a tissue equivalent that can be used in humans. Objective: Analyze the bone repair of a critical rabbit defect at the radio-ulnar synostosis through histological and image analysis, after implanting a bone equivalent made from the bioactive mesoporous glass 76%SiO2-15%CaO-5%P2O5-4%ZnO enriched with osteostatin and / or mesenchymal cells...