Toma de decisiones en el sector estéticoPreservación alveolar, implante inmediato o protocolo diferido

  1. A. Sanz Sánchez 1
  2. F. Fernández Cáliz 2
  3. EM Cañaveral Cavero 3
  4. JM Martínez González 4
  5. C. Barona Dorado 4
  1. 1 Odontología USAL, Máster en Cirugía Bucal Hospital Virgen de la Paloma, Profa. Asociada Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, USAL
  2. 2 Máster Cirugía Bucal e Implantología. Hospital Virgen de la Paloma. Madrid
  3. 3 Odontología UCM, Máster en Cirugía Bucal Hospital Virgen de la Paloma
  4. 4 DECO. UCM
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Journal:
Labor dental clínica: Avances clínicos en odontoestomatología

ISSN: 1888-4040

Year of publication: 2020

Volume: 21

Issue: 2

Pages: 8-16

Type: Article

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More publications in: Labor dental clínica: Avances clínicos en odontoestomatología

Abstract

Introduction: In modern implantology, aesthetics and immediacy have taken a major role. That is why new implantation times for immediate, early and delayed implants have been developed, which together with guided bone regeneration techniques, will aim to preserve the postextraction socket. This situation is a challenge for the clinician since a good diagnosis of the postextraction socket is fundamental to achieve a successful result through the application of the correct technique. Aim: Establish a clinical protocol of action for the placement of implants in the aesthetic sector based on the state of the hard tissues of the postextraction socket. Methods: A search was made in the biomedical literature present in different databases: Medline (through Pubmed), ScienceDirect, Scielo, Google Scholar and official pages of Sociedad Española de Cirugía Bucal (SECIB) and Sociedad Española de Periodoncia y Osteointegración (SEPA). They were used as keywords to perform the search: immediate implant, post-extraction implant, extraction socket classification, preservation, delayed implant. Results: By searching the different databases, a total of 20245 articles were obtained. After removing duplicates and ordering the articles according to relevance by title and summary, 400 titles were reviewed. The papers reviewed in full text were 109, of which 64 were excluded, 15 were studies conducted in edentulous patients, 16 in later sectors and 33 did not refer to the type of post-extraction socket in which the implant placement was performed. Finally, 45 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Discusion: There is controversy about survival rates between immediate and early implants since there are no significant differences. Different classifications and treatments of the postextraction alveolus are proposed by several authors. Conclusions: The placement of immediate implants will be the treatment of choice for socket type 1; in the socket type 2.A and 2.B, immediate implant placement, guided bone regeneration, membrane placement and the use of healing attachments are recommended; in the socket type 2C and 3, immediate or delayed implant will be settled in combination with regeneration techniques; in the socket type 4, regeneration and delayed implant techniques are recommended.

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