Temas selectos en física cuántica de muchos cuerpossistemas cuánticos integrables y abiertos, el método variacional de la matriz densidad reducida y aislantes topológicos

Resum

The many-body problem is central and ubiquitous in quantum physics. Its applications are far reaching, varying from the design of new drugs to the research on novel nanotechnologies or building quantum computers. In this thesis we have studied three relevant topics of quantum many-bodyphysics: the description of new exactly solvable models that describe the evolution of quantum systems in contact with the environment, the advance in the variational reduced density matrix method to compute ground states of closed quantum systems and the characterization of the topological phases and currents in topological insulators...