Aproximación a los entornos peatonales a través de una encuesta a la poblaciónaplicación a la ciudad de Granada

  1. Rubén Talavera-García 1
  2. Luis M. Valenzuela-Montes 1
  1. 1 Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio. Universidad de Granada
Revista:
Anales de geografía de la Universidad Complutense

ISSN: 0211-9803

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 38

Número: 1

Páginas: 239-262

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/AGUC.60475 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Anales de geografía de la Universidad Complutense

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La movilidad peatonal está siendo cada vez más importante por su vinculación con la idea de ciudades sostenibles. En este punto, es crucial entender las actitudes y percepciones que los peatones tienen respecto a caminar y respecto al entorno urbano. En el presente trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis cuantitativo y global de los entornos de movilidad peatonal, basado en la información obtenida a través de una encuesta que incluye cuestiones agrupadas en diferentes áreas temáticas concernientes a la movilidad peatonal en la ciudad de Granada. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la actitud positiva de la población respecto a caminar, así como el hecho de que bulevares y calles comerciales son las tipologías de calle de mayor preferencia por parte de la población. Un enfoque integral, basado en la encuesta, permite enriquecer la planificación de la movilidad local considerando mejoras en los entornos peatonales.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adkins, A., Dill, J., Luhr, G. y Neal, M. (2012): Unpacking Walkability: Testing the Influence of Urban Design Features on Perceptions of Walking Environment Attractiveness. Journal of Urban Design, 17, 499-510. doi: 10.1080/13574809.2012.706365
  • Aghaabbasi, M., Moeinaddini, M., Zaly Shah, M. y Asadi-Shekari, Z. (2016): A new assessment model to evaluate the microscale sidewalk design factors at the neighbourhood level. Journal of Transport & Health,. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.08.012
  • Alfonzo, M. (2005): To Walk or Not to Walk? The Hierarchy of Walking Needs. Environment and Behavior, 37, 808-836. doi: 10.1177/0013916504274016
  • Ayuntamiento de Granada (2013): Plan de Movilidad Urbana Sostenible de Granada.
  • Barrios Rozúa, J.M. y Rozúa, J.M.B. (2002): Granada, historia urbana. Editorial Comares, 240 pp. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=Y4VsAAAACAAJ (7 de septiembre de 2016).
  • Bentley, R., Jolley, D. y Kavanagh, A.M. (2010): Local environments as determinants of walking in Melbourne, Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 1806-1815. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.041
  • Borst, H.C., de Vries, S.I., Graham, J.M.A., van Dongen, J.E.F., Bakker, I. y Miedema, H.M.E. (2009): Influence of environmental street characteristics on walking route choice of elderly people. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 477-484. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494409000498.
  • Boyce, P.R., Eklund, N.H., Hamilton, B.J. y Bruno, L.D. (2000): Perceptions of safety at night in different lighting conditions. Lighting Research and Technology, 32, 79-91. doi: 10.1177/096032710003200205
  • Brownson, R.C., Hoehner, C.M., Day, K., Forsyth, A. y Sallis, J.F. (2009): Measuring the Built Environment for Physical Activity: State of the Science. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36, S99-S123.e12. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.005
  • Cerin, E., Macfarlane, D.J., Ko, H.-H. y Chan, K.-C.A. (2007): Measuring perceived neighbourhood walkability in Hong Kong. Cities, 24, 209-217. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2006.12.002
  • Cervero, R. y Kockelman, K. (1997): Travel demand and the 3Ds: Density, diversity, and design. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2, 199-219. doi: 10.1016/S1361-9209(97)00009-6
  • Christian, H.E., Bull, F.C., Middleton, N.J., Knuiman, M.W., Divitini, M.L., Hooper, P., Amarasinghe, A. y Giles-Corti, B. (2011): How important is the land use mix measure in understanding walking behaviour? Results from the RESIDE study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8,. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-55
  • Clifton, K.J.K.J., Livi Smith, A.D. y Rodriguez, D. (2007): The development and testing of an audit for the pedestrian environment. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80, 95-110. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.06.008
  • Davison, K. y Lawson, C.T. (2006): Do attributes in the physical environment influence children’s physical activity? A review of the literature. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 3, 19. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-3-19
  • Ewing, R. y Cervero, R. (2001): Travel and the Built Environment: A Synthesis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1780, 87-114. doi: 10.3141/1780-10
  • Ewing, R. y Handy, S. (2009): Measuring the Unmeasurable: Urban Design Qualities Related to Walkability. Journal of Urban Design, 14, 65-84. Available from: http://rsa.informaworld.com/10.1080/13574800802451155.
  • Ferrer, S., Ruiz, T. y Mars, L. (2015): A qualitative study on the role of the built environment for short walking trips. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 33, 141-160. doi: 10.1016/j.trf.2015.07.014
  • Forsyth, A., Hearst, M., Oakes, J.M. y Schmitz, K.H. (2008): Design and Destinations: Factors Influencing Walking and Total Physical Activity. Urban Studies, 45, 1973-1996. doi: 10.1177/0042098008093386
  • Forsyth, A., Michael Oakes, J., Lee, B. y Schmitz, K.H. (2009): The built environment, walking, and physical activity: Is the environment more important to some people than others? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 14, 42-49. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2008.10.003
  • Forsyth, A. y Southworth, M. (2008): Cities Afoot—Pedestrians, Walkability and Urban Design. Journal of Urban Design, 13, 1-3. doi: 10.1080/13574800701816896
  • Gallimore, J.M., Brown, B.B. y Werner, C.M. (2011): Walking routes to school in new urban and suburban neighborhoods: An environmental walkability analysis of blocks and routes. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31, 184-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.01.001
  • García-Palomares, J.C., Gutiérrez, J. y Cardozo, O.D. (2013): Walking Accessibility to Public Transport: An Analysis Based on Microdata and GIS. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 40, 1087-1102. doi: 10.1068/b39008
  • Gori, S., Nigro, M. y Petrelli, M. (2014): Walkability Indicators for Pedestrian-Friendly Design. Transportation Research Record, 38-45. doi: 10.3141/2464-05
  • Hillier, B. y Hanson, J. (1984): The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press. Available from: http://books.google.es/books?id=NHqoQgAACAAJ.
  • Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T. y Xu, J. (1993): Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20, 29-66. Available from: http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b200029.
  • Jacobson, J. y Forsyth, A. (2008): Seven American TODs_: Good practices for urban design in Transit-Oriented Development projects. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2, 51-88. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v1i2.67
  • Kelly, C.E., Tight, M.R., Hodgson, F.C. y Page, M.W. (2011): A comparison of three methods for assessing the walkability of the pedestrian environment. Journal of Transport Geography, 19, 1500-1508. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2010.08.001
  • Kim, S., Park, S. y Lee, J.S. (2014): Meso- or micro-scale? Environmental factors influencing pedestrian satisfaction. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 30, 10-20. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.005
  • Landis, B., Vattikuti, V., Ottenberg, R., McLeod, D. y Guttenplan, M. (2001): Modeling the Roadside Walking Environment: Pedestrian Level of Service. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1773, 82-88. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1773-10.
  • Learnihan, V., Van Niel, K.P., Giles-Corti, B. y Knuiman, M. (2011): Effect of Scale on the Links between Walking and Urban Design. Geographical Research, 49, 183-191. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-5871.2011.00689.x
  • Lee, R.E., Mama, S.K., Medina, A. V, Ho, A. y Adamus, H.J. (2012): Neighborhood factors influence physical activity among African American and Hispanic or Latina women. Health & Place, 18, 63-70. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.08.013
  • Leslie, E., Saelens, B., Frank, L., Owen, N., Bauman, A., Coffee, N. y Hugo, G. (2005): Residents’ perceptions of walkability attributes in objectively different neighbourhoods: a pilot study. Health & Place, 11, 227-236. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.05.005
  • Manchón, L.F., Santamera, J.A., de Diego, J.G.B.G., Mínguez, J.J. y Ormazábal, J.I. (1995): Recomendaciones para el proyecto y diseño del viario urbano. 1.ª ed. Ministerio de Fomento. Available from: http://books.google.es/books?id=suN5AAAACAAJ.
  • Marshall, S. (2015): Streets and patterns. Routledge.
  • Miralles i Guasch, C. y Cebollada i Frontera, Á. (2003): Movilidad y transporte. Opciones políticas para la ciudad. Laboratorio de Alternativas, 56.
  • NACTO (2016): Urban Street Design Guide. 1-193 pp.
  • Olszewski, P., Wlbowo, S.S., Trb y Wibowo, S. (2005): Using equivalent walking distance to assess pedestrian accessibility to transit stations in Singapore. Transportation Research Record, 1927, 38-45. doi: 10.3141/1927-05
  • Park, S., Deakin, E. y Jang, K. (2015): Can Good Walkability Expand the Size of Transit- Oriented Developments? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2519, 157-164. doi: 10.3141/2519-17
  • Pooley, C., Tight, M., Jones, T., Horton, D., Scheldeman, G., Jopson, A., Mullen, C., Chisholm, A., Strano, E. y Constantine, S. (2011): Understanding walking and cycling: Summary of key findings and recommendations.
  • Pozueta, J. (2009): La ciudad paseable: recomendaciones para la consideración de los peatones en el planeamiento, el diseño urbano y la arquitectura. Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=7EX-SAAACAAJ.
  • Pozueta, J. y Ojauguren, S. (2005): Situación y perspectivas de la movilidad en las ciudades. Visión general y el caso de Madrid. Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, 45, 88.
  • Rahaman, K.R., Lourenço, J.M., Viegas, J.M., Rahaman Rubayet, K., Lourenco M, J., Viegas Manuel, J., Rahaman, K.R., Lourenço, J.M. y Viegas, J.M. (2011): Perceptions of Pedestrians and Shopkeepers in European Medium-Sized Cities: Study of Guimarães, Portugal. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 138, 26-34. doi: 10.1061/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000094
  • Sarkar, S. (2003): Qualitative Evaluation of Comfort Needs in Urban Walkways in Major Activity Centers. Transportation Quarterly, 57, 39-59. Available from: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=11274613&site=ehostlive.
  • Sohn, K. y Kim, D. (2010): Zonal centrality measures and the neighborhood effect. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 44, 733-743. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965856410000972.
  • Talavera-Garcia, R. y Soria-Lara, J.A. (2015): Q-PLOS, developing an alternative walking index. A method based on urban design quality. Cities, 45, 7-17. doi: 10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.003
  • Talavera-Garcia, R., Soria-Lara, J.A. y Valenzuela-Montes, L.M. (2014): La calidad peatonal como método para evaluar entornos de movilidad urbana. Documents d’Anàlisi Geogràfica, 60, 161-187.
  • Talavera-Garcia, R. y Valenzuela-Montes, L.M. (2012): La accesibilidad peatonal en la integración espacial de las paradas de transporte público. Bitácora Urbano Territorial, 21, 97-109.
  • Talen, E. y Koschinsky, J. (2013): The Walkable Neighborhood: A Literature Review. International Journal of Sustainable Land Use and Urban Planning (IJSLUP), 1,.
  • Todorova, A., Asakawa, S. y Aikoh, T. (2004): Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69, 403-416. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.11.001
  • Valenzuela-Montes, L.M. y Talavera-García, R. (2015): Entornos de movilidad peatonal: enfoques, factores y condicionantes. Revista EURE, 41
  • Valenzuela Montes, L.M., Soria Lara, J.A. y Talavera Garcia, R. (2011): Towards integration of planning and metropolitan mobility projects in Andalusia, Spain. SCRIPTA NOVAREVISTA ELECTRONICA DE GEOGRAFIA Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES, 15,.
  • Vega Pindado, P. (2016): Una década de planes de movilidad urbana sostenible en España 2004-2014. Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense, 36, 351-372. doi: 10.5209/AGUC.53589
  • Weinstein, A., Schlossberg, M., Irvin, K., Weinstein Agrawal, A., Schlossberg, M. y Irvin, K. (2008): How Far, by Which Route and Why? A Spatial Analysis of Pedestrian Preference. Journal of Urban Design, 13, 81-98. doi: 10.1080/13574800701804074
  • Werner, C.M., Brown, B.B. y Gallimore, J. (2010): Light rail use is more likely on “walkable” blocks: Further support for using micro-level environmental audit measures. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 206-214. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.11.003
  • Wood, L., Frank, L.D. y Giles-Corti, B. (2010): Sense of community and its relationship with walking and neighborhood design. Social Science & Medicine, 70, 1381-1390. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.021
  • Zacharias, J. (2001): Pedestrian Behavior and Perception in Urban Walking Environments. Journal of Planning Literature, 16, 3-18. doi: 10.1177/08854120122093249
  • Zacharias, J. (2007): The Nonmotorized Core of Tianjin. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 1, 231-248. doi: 10.1080/15568310601068120