Búsqueda, exhumación e identificación de represaliados de la Guerra Civil enterrados en el cementerio viejo de Palenciael proyecto de la Carcavilla
- Almudena García-Rubio Ruiz 1
- Luis Ríos Frutos 2
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1
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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2
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
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ISSN: 1132-2217
Année de publication: 2017
Número: 68
Pages: 327-351
Type: Article
D'autres publications dans: Munibe Antropologia - Arkeologia
Résumé
Since 2000, exhumations of mass graves from the civil war period, have been carried out in Spain with archaeological methodology, as well as identification of exhumed remains, which can be included within the framework of anthropological-forensic investigations of systematic human rights violations. In the province of Palencia, between July 1936 and 1945, a total of 1,322 people were victims of Francoist repression. 24% of the victims were buried in mass graves in a specific area of the Old Cemetery in the city of Palencia. According to information from the Cemetery Registry Book, the victims formed 57 synchronic groups of burial. As a request of the relatives, between 2008 and 2013, the project of exhumation and identification of victims of the Francoist repression was developed in the Old Cemetery of Palencia, currently the park of La Carcavilla. It was a complex case due to the time elapsed since the events occurred, the high number of victims searched and the lack of geographical references after the conversion of the Old Cemetery into a recreational park. The result of the archaeological field work was the exhumation of 108 victims. Out of the 57 synchronic burial groups searched, only 12 were recovered completely. From the in situ findings, the groups were classified in complete groups, partial groups and missing groups. The process of identification of the victims exhumed in Carcavilla was based on the hypothesis of closed groups. In this paper we summarize the identification process in the Carcavilla through the description of a case of each of the three types of groups. The identification of the human remains, the main objective of the intervention, was possible due to a multidisciplinary approach based on the corroboration of independent information from testimonies, archives, archaeology, osteology and genetics. Finally, the total result was that 57 victims were identified.
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