Estudio dosimétrico de un equipo de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico pararadiología oral y maxilofacial

Résumé

N general X-ray diagnosis and in particular computed tomography (CT) have undergone an important development since their introduction. A consequence of this development has been the recent appearance of the so called Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) devices which have been introduced in oral and maxillofacial radiology. This is because they give a lower dose of radiation to the patients than traditional TC equipment and relatively reduced space is needed to install them. There is no need for important safety requirements and the cost is low. Due to the good image quality provided, CBCT is a useful form of technology that obtains high accuracy and good high resolution images of hard tissues and air cavities in the dental region and in otorhinolaryngology. This doctoral thesis presents a radiation dose research within a CBCT system used in dental and maxillofacial radiology using the Monte Carlo (MC) method and different phantoms. A normalized dose phantom and an anthropomorphic phantom were used to validate the MC program whereas two computational phantoms which represent an adult male and female were used to assess doses. The validation of the MC simulating program applied the CBCT system, has allowed us to obtain the dose in organs and subsequent effective doses for a range of examinations of adult patients. In the same way, it has been analyzed the influence of certain acquisition parameters in relation to the dose. The quantity dose-area product has been established as a potential reference index to make approximate estimations of effective dose. The results have revealed the effectiveness, precision and utility of the method employed.