El papel de la genética en la aparición y desarrollo de la periodontitis. I:Evidencias científicas de la asociación entre periodontitis y genética

Resumo

Periodontits is a multifactorial disease characterized for an inflammatory reaction which affects the teeth attachment apparatus. This inflammation is the consequence of the interaction of specific bacteria with the guest´s immune response mechanisms. While the infection is a necessary requirement for the development of periodontitis, its progression and severity depends of a variety of environmental, behavioural, and genetic determinants. It has been proved that different subjects respond in a different way to the plaque formation. A limited but not underestimable fraction of the population is quite sensible to the disease progression at a relatively young age and a generalized loss of teeth takes place in a short time period. On the other hand, there is another part of the population who never develops this disease or in which the disease progression is slow and the loss of teeth during life is very small. Although in the pathogenesis of the periodontits the bacterial plaque is the primary etiological factor, its presence alone can not answer the great variety of the disease development and progression. The aim of his study is to review the role that genetics plays in the different periodontal patterns by analyzing the scientific and clinical data that supports this question.