GPS present-day kinematics of the eastern Betics, Spain

Resumen

The eastern Betic Cordillera, south-eastern Spain, is one of the most seismically active area within the Iberian Peninsula. The Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ) in the Betic Cordillera absorbs part of the convergence between the Eurasia and African (Nubia) plates, stretching for aprox. 250 km from Alicante to Almeria. The EBSZ is a NE-SW transpressive left-lateral trending fault-system that is composed by several individual faults. Listed from south to north: Carboneras, Palomares, Alhama de Murcia, Carrascoy and Bajo-Segura. The CuaTeNeo GPS network was installed in 1996 in the eastern Betics with the main goal of determining the ongoing activity of the EBSZ (specifically of the Carboneras, Palomares and Alhama de Murcia faults). The network consists of 15 highly stable monuments, covering an area of 120x50 km in Murcia and Almeria. The network has been observed five times in 1997, 2002, 2006, 2009 and 2011. The results presented here are based on the analysis of the data of these five campaigns, spanning 15 year long time period and the data from continuous GPS stations of various public networks, such as REGAM, MERISTEMUM, IGN and RAP. In addition, several stations specially designed to detect tectonic crustal deformations have also been included: GATA station from Cabo de Gata and four Topo-Iberia network stations located within the study area. The most prominent feature of the GPS velocity field is the NW oriented motion of the majority of the stations at rates ranging from 0.5 to 3 mm/yr in a western Europe reference frame. This type of deformation indicates that the main driving force responsible for the observed velocities is related to the on-going convergence between Nubia and Eurasia plates. The calculated deformation field shows evidence for localized deformation related to active faults within the area. Most of the observed deformation is concentrated in the area delimited by the Alhama de Murcia (AMF) and Palomares (PF) faults. Here the maximum shear strain rates are observed. An estimated geodetic slip rate of the AMF-PF fault system is 1.5±0.3 mm/yr, oriented obliquely to the strike of the fault and indicating a combination of reverse and sinistral type of motion. We attribute this maximum slip rate to AMF since PF is currently either inactive or is slipping very slowly, at rates that are undetectable by the current GPS station spatial-temporal coverage. The installation of the GATA GPS station at Cabo de Gata has enabled us to obtain continuous observations from both sides of the Carboneras fault zone (CFZ) in the southern part of the study area. For the first time, it was possible to quantify the slip rate of the CFZ: a maximum left-lateral strike slip motion of 1.3±0.2 mm/yr. The coincidence of the geologic and geodetic strike-slip rates along the CFZ, illustrate that during Quaternary the northern segment of the CFZ has been tectonically active and has been slipping at a constant rate ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 mm/yr. GPS velocities and the derived strain rate field suggest a dominant NW-SE oriented compression, with a SW-NE extension in the south-western part of the study area, west of Almeria. In this SW sector the dominance of Erna., indicate a presence of a thinning or extensional kinematics, related to the block escape tectonics and possibly a slab rollback. This work demonstrates the current continuing tectonic activity of the eastern Betics and determines that Alhama de Murcia and Carboneras left-lateral faults are the most active faults. These two faults play an important role in the regional plate convergence kinematics.