Efectos del ruido sobre memoria y atención: una revisión

  1. Santalla Peñaloza, Zuleyma
  2. Santisteban Requena, Carmen
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 1990

Volumen: 2

Número: 2

Páginas: 49-91

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

En esta revisión se han intentado recoger los trabajos más relevantes publicados en los últimos 30 años, y que han tratado de evidenciar los posibles efectos que el ruido produce sobre la atención y la memoria, poniéndose en relación las condiciones experimentales de sonido, la activación general del sujeto, y la dominancia de los elementos incluidos en la tarea, a lo largo del proceso de experimentación. Para el tratamiento de los temas, se ha realizado una división en apartados en concordancia con los aspectos más relevantes de cada uno de los estudios considerados y de su relación con otros trabajos. Estos apartados no son excluyentes en sus contenidos ya que, la propia naturaleza de los temas tratados hace que estos estén entremezclados. En las relaciones entre Ruido y Memoria se han considerado teorías y resultados relativos a experimentos en recuerdo libre a corto plazo, en recuerdo a corto plazo de la posición y de la secuencia, del agrupamiento en categorías y, colateralmente, los efectos sobre tareas no memorísticas de identificación o reconocimiento. Bajo el título de Ruido y Atención se incluyen dos grupos de investigaciones, las que estudian los efectos del ruido sobre el proceso atencional a través de las inferencias realizadas en relación con procesos de memorización y recuperación de información, y aquellos trabajos en los que la atención se evalúa a través de resultados observados en pruebas visuales. En otro apartado se someten a consideración ciertas variables, no mencionadas explícitamente en los apartados anteriores, y que tienen relación con los efectos del ruido sobre la atención. Por último, se dedica un amplio apartado a la exposición de los factores que consideramos fundamentales e intervienen en las distintas investigaciones, así como un análisis de los resultados y conclusiones al respecto.

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