Retos de las familias contemporáneas y representaciones del parentesco en el siglo XXI

Abstract

Abstract This research has been developed around the relations linked to kinship, in the context of present social change. I have created this from a constructivist perspective. The specific objective was to identify through the semi-structured interview, a common pattern of kinning. In social groups classified sociologically as different realities, treated by the law in a different way and with levels of social acceptance also different. In depends on the grade in which familiar experience, relational, challenge the prejudice biological reductionism that is supported by the ideology of blood. These three familiar typologies are fundamental for our research and they are named lesbian families, reconstituted family and adopted family. They are the families that A. Fine and A. Martial have called "parallel kinship". Moreover, I have studied other types of cases of non-biologic kinship, which are unclassifiable in this type of triple framework such as foster family and care and children without fathers but they exist in Western societies and they are included even if they are not often represented. In the sense of Badiou, they are very useful for me as a reference for comparison and interpretation of the kinship representations of informants. I have taken into account as analytical unites on one side the language used by the informants in their familiar relations with conative and referential function because they show the speaker's cosmovision and on the other hand have been interested in the kinning strategy that we have analyzed through the category of mutuality of being, according to M. Sahlins and finally we have used the category of relational body, and self-perception and its relation with the surrounding world, especially the intergenerational relations has shown the social change that is now active and how the different generations construct different ways of continuity of relations. On the other hand, we have studied the relations with the institutions and the relations with the states through the law and its application that sometimes the state takes into account the principles of equity but sometimes it doesn't. This state behaviour forces the individual to create different strategies to adapt to fight or to run away. This research is made with a qualitative methodology. I have been critics of the classic category of kinship and of biological, psychological and essentialist assumptions about the model of kinship that Viveiros de Castro has named standard and I have been a critic of the classificatory language that is usually used by social science to describe these families from an outsider. Finally, I propose thinking anthropologically about the law because it is the space that prescribes what is social normality in the sense of Agamben which is the included and the represented.