Modelo de evaluación de capacidades turísticas para el desarrollo humano. El caso de Tapijulapa, México

Résumé

Abstract The investigation that supports the thesis Touristic Capacities Evaluation Model to the Human Development (TCEM-HD) is based on economic and social theories for the human development with the goal of presenting an evaluating model that is inspired in the formation and expansion of the touristic capacities, which make it possible to know the virtues of tourism in generating human wellbeing or quality of life. This has led us to conduct a theoretical revision from where it was derived and introduced the concept of human touristic development and its accordant analysis categories in order to interpret the correspondent touristic reality, delineating a model to evaluate the touristic capacities of the people who offer touristic services in their place of origin or in the touristic destination. The investigation methodology used was based on the method of specific human touristic development, which was defined as humanist and comprehensive; being the primary analysis technique for the expansion of touristic capacities; with two analysis tools: the auto diagnosis of the agencies wellbeing and the quality of life index. The auto diagnosis of the agencies wellbeing consists on the appreciation of life that people perform from the formation and expansion of their touristic capacities (basic touristic capacities, functioning or market touristic capacities, and collective touristic capacities). The quality of life index consists in the achievement of the individual Touristic Human Development Index (THDI), pondering the income for tourism, for the formal education and for the global state of health. The humanitarian approach that is presented has the purpose of improving both in theory and in practice the touristic management of the traditional touristic models (conventional tourism, sustainable tourism, community tourism, rural tourism, alternative tourism, nature tourism and similar), through human development and its concerning evaluation model. The results obtained after performing a thorough diagnosis on human and touristic development, analysing official publications, studying publications in scientific journals and carrying out a case study in Tapijulapa Pueblo Mágico de México, lead us to state that tourism is able to generate quality of life with a special emphasis in villages in poverty. However, the tourism potential can be better exploited and thus generate a stronger impact on people¿s quality of life, establishing a touristic management that promotes formation and expansion of touristic capacities. This way the idea of touristic human development and its evaluation can help to reduce inequalities and injustice. This leadership must be taken by decision makers in tourism policy.