La Escuela de Traductores de Toledo y su influencia en la terminología anatómica

  1. Arráez-Aybar, Luis A. 1
  2. Bueno-López, José-Luis 2
  3. Raio, Nicolas 3
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco, España
  3. 3 Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA
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Revista:
Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin

ISSN: 2254-0601

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 10

Número: 19

Páginas: 47-85

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin

Resumen

Translation facilitates the transmission of knowledge between cultures. The fundamental transfer of anatomical terminology from Ancient Greek and Golden Age cultures from Islam to medieval Latin Christianity took place in the so-called Toledo School of Translators during the 12th and 13th centuries. The translations made in Toledo circulated widely throughout Europe. They were the basis of scientific thought that was born in the cloisters of the first universities. In Toledo, Gerard de Cremona translated Avicenna's Canon of Medicine, the key work of medicine from the Golden Age of Islam. Alberto Magno, Mondino de Luzzi, and Guy de Chauliac, the main authors of Latin anatomical words in the Middle Ages, based their books on Gerard's translations. The anatomical terms of the Canon preserve auctoritas until the Renaissance. Thus, terms coined by Gerard such as diaphragm, orbit, pupil or sagittal are still relevant in current official anatomical terminology. The objective of this article is to draw attention to the important influence that the Toledo School of Translators had on anatomical terminology. To do this, we will review here the onomastic origins of a series of anatomical terms that are still in force.

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