Modelo esfuerzo-recompensa, salud y enfermedad en personal sanitariouna revisión sistemática

  1. Marta García-Maroto
  2. Lourdes Luceño-Moreno
  3. Jesús Martín-García
Revista:
Ansiedad y estrés

ISSN: 1134-7937

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 28

Número: 1

Páginas: 16-29

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5093/ANYES2022A2 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Ansiedad y estrés

Resumen

La bibliografía científica ha evidenciado asociaciones entre la percepción de un alto desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa (Effort-Reward Imbalance, ERI) y mala salud o enfermedad en sanitarios. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios que analizaron cómo influyen los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral, conceptualizados desde el modelo del desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa, en diferentes dimensiones de salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Para ello, se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2019 consultando las bases de datos Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO y Scopus. Se incluyeron 27 artículos científicos. Un alto ERI y un exceso de compromiso (sobrecompromiso) se asocian con mala salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Las principales limitaciones de esta revisión son un posible sesgo de publicación y la imposibilidad de establecer relaciones de causalidad entre los riesgos psicosociales del entorno y la salud o enfermedad. Es necesario evaluar los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral de los sanitarios y desarrollar y aplicar programas de intervención para que haya un ajuste adecuado entre esfuerzos y recompensas.

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