Xerostomia and Hyposalivation

  1. López-Pintor, Rosa María 1
  2. Ramírez Martínez-Acitores, Lucía 1
  3. Serrano Valle, Julia 1
  4. González-Serrano, José 1
  5. Casañas, Elisabeth 1
  6. de Arriba, Lorenzo 1
  7. Hernández, Gonzalo 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Libro:
Oral Health and Aging

ISBN: 9783030859923,  9783030859930

Año de publicación: 2022

Páginas: 85-108

Tipo: Capítulo de Libro

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85993-0_5 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Resumen

Hyposalivation and xerostomia are common conditions in older patients. Xerostomia is the subjective feeling of dry mouth, whereas hyposalivation is the objective reduction of salivary flow. These salivary abnormalities may diminish patients’ quality of life. Hyposalivation also can lead to caries, masticatory difficulties, and infections. The causes of these pathologies in the older patient are diverse and may include the aging process, certain chronic diseases, and the use of multiple drugs. The diagnosis of these conditions may be simple but it is often delayed. In those patients with dry mouth symptoms, a sialometry should be performed to assess whether the salivary flow is reduced. The treatment of salivary disorders in older adults is complex and multidisciplinary. In many cases, it will require changing or at least reducing the doses of drugs that reduce salivary flow. In those older patients in whom it would not be possible to change their pharmacological treatment or manage their associated systemic diseases, topical treatments and saliva substitutes may be indicated. In addition, regular dental checkups are necessary to prevent and treat any associated oral injuries.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Anil S, Vellappally S, Hashem M, Preethanath RS, Patil S, Samaranayake LP. Xerostomia in geriatric patients: a burgeoning global concern. J Investig Clin Dent. 2016;7(1):5–12.
  • Liu B, Dion MR, Jurasic MM, Gibson G, Jones JA. Xerostomia and salivary hypofunction in vulnerable elders: prevalence and etiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114(1):52–60.
  • Saleh J, Figueiredo MA, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Salivary hypofunction: an update on aetiology, diagnosis and therapeutics. Arch Oral Biol. 2015;60(2):242–55.
  • Smith CH, Boland B, Daureeawoo Y, Donaldson E, Small K, Tuomainen J. Effect of aging on stimulated salivary flow in adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013;61(5):805–8.
  • Pedersen AML, Sorensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH, Ekstrom J. Salivary secretion in health and disease. J Oral Rehabil. 2018;45(9):730–46.
  • Barbe AG. Medication-induced xerostomia and hyposalivation in the elderly: culprits, complications, and management. Drugs Aging. 2018;35(10):877–85.
  • Han P, Suarez-Durall P, Mulligan R. Dry mouth: a critical topic for older adult patients. J Prosthodont Res. 2015;59(1):6–19.
  • Haldeman SL, Baric JM, Saunders RH, Espeland MA. Hyposalivatory drug use, whole stimulated salivary flow, and mouth dryness in older, long-term care residents. Spec Care Dentist. 1989;9(1):12–8.
  • Moerman RV, Bootsma H, Kroese FG, Vissink A. Sjogren’s syndrome in older patients: aetiology, diagnosis and management. Drugs Aging. 2013;30(3):137–53.
  • Ramos-Casals M, Brito-Zeron P, Bombardieri S, Bootsma H, De Vita S, Dorner T, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of Sjogren’s syndrome with topical and systemic therapies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(1):3–18.
  • Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R, Criswell LA, Labetoulle M, Lietman TM, et al. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):35–45.
  • Lopez-Pintor RM, Casanas E, Gonzalez-Serrano J, Serrano J, Ramirez L, de Arriba L, et al. Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and salivary flow in diabetes patients. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4372852.
  • Mauri-Obradors E, Estrugo-Devesa A, Jane-Salas E, Vinas M, Lopez-Lopez J. Oral manifestations of diabetes mellitus. A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(5):e586–e94.
  • Muralidharan D, Fareed N, Pradeep PV, Margabandhu S, Ramalingam K, Ajith Kumar BV. Qualitative and quantitative changes in saliva among patients with thyroid dysfunction prior to and following the treatment of the dysfunction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(5):617–23.
  • Ahn-Jarvis JH, Piancino MG. Chapter 14: Impact of oral health on diet/nutrition. Monogr Oral Sci. 2020;28:134–47.
  • Lopez-Pintor RM, Lopez-Pintor L, Casanas E, de Arriba L, Hernandez G. Risk factors associated with xerostomia in haemodialysis patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017;22(2):e185–e92.
  • Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Attreed NJ, Campbell WW, Channell AM, Chassagne P, et al. Clinical symptoms, signs and tests for identification of impending and current water-loss dehydration in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(4):CD009647.
  • Lacey J, Corbett J, Forni L, Hooper L, Hughes F, Minto G, et al. A multidisciplinary consensus on dehydration: definitions, diagnostic methods and clinical implications. Ann Med. 2019;51(3–4):232–51.
  • Sreebny LM, Schwartz SS. A reference guide to drugs and dry mouth-2nd edition. Gerodontology. 1997;14(1):33–47.
  • Smidt D, Torpet LA, Nauntofte B, Heegaard KM, Pedersen AM. Associations between labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(5):422–35.
  • Smidt D, Torpet LA, Nauntofte B, Heegaard KM, Pedersen AM. Associations between oral and ocular dryness, labial and whole salivary flow rates, systemic diseases and medications in a sample of older people. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2011;39(3):276–88.
  • Villa A, Wolff A, Narayana N, Dawes C, Aframian DJ, Lynge Pedersen AM, et al. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VI: a systematic review of medication-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Oral Dis. 2016;22(5):365–82.
  • Wimardhani YS, Annisa W, Rahmayanti F. Medication intake and its influence on salivary profile of geriatric outpatients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Dent J. 2012;45(3):138–43.
  • Nederfors T, Dahlöf C, Twetman S. Effects of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists atenolol and propranolol on human unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and protein composition. Scand J Dent Res. 1994;102(4):235–7.
  • ATC/DDD guidelines of the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology.
  • Nonzee V, Manopatanakul S, Khovidhunkit SP. Xerostomia, hyposalivation and oral microbiota in patients using antihypertensive medications. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(1):96–104.
  • Millsop JW, Wang EA, Fazel N. Etiology, evaluation, and management of xerostomia. Clin Dermatol. 2017;35(5):468–76.
  • Pedersen A, Sorensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1399–416.
  • Peyron MA, Woda A, Bourdiol P, Hennequin M. Age-related changes in mastication. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):299–312.
  • Cichero JAY. Unlocking opportunities in food design for infants, children, and the elderly: understanding milestones in chewing and swallowing across the lifespan for new innovations. J Texture Stud. 2017;48(4):271–9.
  • Batisse C, Bonnet G, Eschevins C, Hennequin M, Nicolas E. The influence of oral health on patients’ food perception: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(12):996–1003.
  • Bozorgi C, Holleufer C, Wendin K. Saliva secretion and swallowing-the impact of different types of food and drink on subsequent intake. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):256.
  • Serrano J, López-Pintor RM, Fernández-Castro M, Ramírez L, Sanz M, Casañas E, et al. Oral lesions in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. A case-control cross-sectional study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(1):e137–e43.
  • Maarse F, Jager DHJ, Alterch S, Korfage A, Forouzanfar T, Vissink A, et al. Sjögren’s syndrome is not a risk factor for periodontal disease: a systematic review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019;37:S225–S33.
  • Serrano J, Lopez-Pintor RM, Ramirez L, Fernandez-Castro M, Sanz M, Melchor S, et al. Risk factors related to oral candidiasis in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2020;25(5):e700–e5.
  • Bodineau A, Folliguet M, Séguier S. Tissular senescence and modifications of oral ecosystem in the elderly: risk factors for mucosal pathologies. Curr Aging Sci. 2009;2(2):109–20.
  • Villa A, Connell CL, Abati S. Diagnosis and management of xerostomia and hyposalivation. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2015;11:45–51.
  • Tanasiewicz M, Hildebrandt T, Obersztyn I. Xerostomia of various etiologies: a review of the literature. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2016;25(1):199–206.
  • Thomson WM, Chalmers JM, Spencer AJ, Williams SM. The Xerostomia Inventory: a multi-item approach to measuring dry mouth. Community Dent Health. 1999;16(1):12–7.
  • Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee ES, Jung HJ, Ahn HJ, Jung HI, et al. Simple oral exercise with chewing gum for improving oral function in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(4):1023–31.
  • Furness S, Worthington HV, Bryan G, Birchenough S, McMillan R. Interventions for the management of dry mouth: topical therapies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(12):CD008934.
  • Barbe AG, Schmidt-Park Y, Hamacher S, Derman SHM, Noack MJ. Efficacy of GUM(R) Hydral versus Biotene(R) Oralbalance mouthwashes plus gels on symptoms of medication-induced xerostomia: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Clin Oral Investig. 2018;22(1):169–80.
  • Lopez-Pintor RM, Ramirez L, Serrano J, de Pedro M, Fernandez-Castro M, Casanas E, et al. Effects of Xerostom((R)) products on xerostomia in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis. 2019;25(3):772–80.
  • Sinjari B, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Belcaro G, Vitacolonna E, Santilli M, et al. Artificial saliva in diabetic xerostomia (ASDIX): double blind trial of aldiamed((R)) versus placebo. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2196.
  • Alajbeg I, Falcao DP, Tran SD, Martin-Granizo R, Lafaurie GI, Matranga D, et al. Intraoral electrostimulator for xerostomia relief: a long-term, multicenter, open-label, uncontrolled, clinical trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;113(6):773–81.
  • O’Sullivan EM, Higginson IJ. Clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of irradiation-induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer: a systematic review. Acupunct Med. 2010;28(4):191–9.
  • Cankar K, Finderle Z, Jan J. The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation xerostomia and saliva in patients with head and neck tumours. Caries Res. 2011;45(2):136–41.
  • Carubbi F, Cipriani P, Marrelli A, Di Benedetto P, Ruscitti P, Berardicurti O, et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximab treatment in early primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a prospective, multi-center, follow-up study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013;15:R172.