Impacto del Covid-19 en la salud mental, uso y barreras en atención psicológica en España

  1. Sara Zamorano 1
  2. Berta Ausín 1
  3. Clara González-Sanguino 1
  4. Miguel Ángel Castellanos 1
  5. Jesús Saiz 1
  6. Ana Abad 1
  7. Carlos Vaquero 1
  8. Manuel Muñoz 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España
Revue:
Clínica Contemporánea: revista de diagnóstico psicológico, psicoterapia y salud

ISSN: 1989-9912

Année de publication: 2022

Volumen: 13

Número: 2

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5093/CC2022A9 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Clínica Contemporánea: revista de diagnóstico psicológico, psicoterapia y salud

Résumé

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on the mental health of the population, which also has been affected by various barriers to access to psychological care. The aim of the current study is to compare the mental health status of the Spanish population between the onset of confinement (N = 3480) to 12 months later (N = 550), and to describe the use of psychological care services and the main barriers to access. Study participants completed an online survey. Forty percent of the sample reported experiencing a mental health problem since the pandemic’s onset, of which 23.4% reported having received some kind of care. The majority reported not seeking care because they could handle the problems on their own, their problems got better on their own, or they could not afford treatment. The psychological effects of the pandemic have been increasing since its onset, so attention to mental health problems should be a priority.

Références bibliographiques

  • Alimoradi, Z., Ohayon, M. M., Griffiths, M. D., Lin, C. y Pakpour, A. H. (2022). Fear of COVID-19 and its association with mental health-related factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open, 8, 26. ttps://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.26
  • Armitage, R. y Nellums, L. B. (2020). COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. The Lancet Public Health, 5(5), 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30061-X
  • Ausín, B., González-Sanguino, C., Castellanos, M. Á. y Muñoz, M. (2021). Gender-related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768
  • Ausín, B., González-Sanguino, C., Castellanos, M. Á., Sáiz, J., Zamorano, S., Vaquero, C. y Muñoz, M. (2022). The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: A Longitudinal Study. Psicothema, 34, 66-73. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2021.290
  • Banerjee, D. y Rai, M. (2020). Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(6), 525–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020922269
  • Brooke, J. y Jackson, D. (2020). Older people and COVID-19: Isolation, risk and ageism. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(13-14), 2044–2046. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15274
  • Cénat, J. M., Blais-Rochette, C., Kokou-Kpolou, C. K., Noorishad, P. G., Mukunzi, J. N., McIntee, S. E., Dalexis, R. D., Goulet, M. A. y Labelle, R. P. (2021). Prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychological distress among populations affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 295, 113599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113599
  • Di Carlo, F., Sociali, A., Picutti, E., Pettorruso, M., Vellante, F., Verrastro, V., Martinotti, G. y di Giannantonio, M. (2021). Telepsychiatry and other cutting-edge technologies in COVID-19 pandemic: Bridging the distance in mental health assistance. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(1), Artículo e13716. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13716
  • Eghtesadi, M. (2020). Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID-19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long-Term Care Facilities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(5), 949–950. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16478
  • Fancourt, D., Bu, F., Hei Wan, M., Elise, P. y Steptoe, A. (2021). Covid19 Social Study Results. Release 32. Nuffi eld Foundation. https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/project/covid-19-social-study
  • González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. A., Saiz, J. y Muñoz, M. (2021). Mental health consequences of the Covid-19 outbreak in Spain. A longitudinal study of the alarm situation and return to the new normality. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 107, 110219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110219
  • González-Sanguino, Clara., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C. y Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental Health Consequences of the Coronavirus 2020 Pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. A Longitudinal Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565474
  • Hossain, M. M., Tasnim, S., Sultana, A., Faizah, F., Mazumder, H., Zou, L., McKyer, E. L. J., Ahmed, H. U. y Ma, P. (2020). Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: A review. F1000Research, 9, 636. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24457.1
  • Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Daly, M., Butter, S., Bentall, R.P., Fox, R., Karatzias, T., MacLachlan, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Murphy, D., Spikol, E y Shevlin, M. (2021). Trajectories of change in internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 295, 1024-1031. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jad.2021.08.145
  • Infocop. (2021, 17 de marzo). La pandemia ha supuesto un importante deterioro de la salud mental en un año, con un aumento del 30 por ciento de las consultas en psicología. https://www.infocop.es/view_article.asp?id=16884
  • Jin, Y., Sun, T., Zheng, P. y An, J. (2021). Mass quarantine and mental health during COVID-19: A meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 295, 1335–1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.067
  • Jones, X. R. (2020). Covid-19: An Exposition, with a Focus on Social Isolation in the Elderly (UK) (Draft). https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.12022632
  • Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W. y Lowe, B. (2009). An Ultra-Brief Screening Scale for Anxiety and Depression: The PHQ-4. Psychosomatics, 50(6), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.50.6.613
  • Li, Y., Zhao, J., Ma, Z., McReynolds, L. S., Lin, D., Chen, Z., Wang, T., Wang, D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Fan, F. y Liu, X. (2021). Mental health among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: A 2-wave longitudinal survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 281, 597- 604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.109
  • Lin, T., Heckman, T. G. y Anderson, T. (2022). The efficacy of synchronous teletherapy versus in-person therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials: Science and Practice. Clinical Psychology, 29(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000056
  • Liu, Y. C., Kuo, R. L. y Shih, S. R. (2020). COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history. Biomedical journal, 43(4), 328–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2020.04.007
  • Malla, A. y Joober, R. (2021). COVID-19 and the Future with Digital Mental Health: Need for Attention to Complexities. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 14–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743720957824
  • Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C. y Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among italian people during the covid-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
  • McCartan, C., Adell, T., Cameron, J., Davidson, G., Knifton, L., McDaid, S. y Mulholland, C. (2021). A scoping review of international policy responses to mental health recovery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health Research Policy and Systems, 19(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00652-3
  • O’Connor, A. M. y Evans, A. D. (2022). Dishonesty during a pandemic: The concealment of COVID-19 information. Journal of Health Psychology, 27(1), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320951603
  • Robinson, E., Sutin, A. R., Daly, M. y Jones, A. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 567-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.098
  • Sheridan-Rains, L., Johnson, S., Barnett, P., Steare, T., Needle, J. J., Carr, S., Lever Taylor, B., Bentivegna, F., Edbrooke-Childs, J., Scott, H. R., Rees, J., Shah, P., Lomani, J., Chipp, B., Barber, N., Dedat, Z., Oram, S., Morant, N., Simpson, A., ... Cavero, V. (2021). Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and on people with mental health conditions: framework synthesis of international experiences and responses. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01924-7
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K. y Williams, J. B. W. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ Primary Care Study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282(18), 1737–1744. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.18.1737
  • Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W. y Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
  • Tanoue, Y., Nomura, S., Yoneoka, D., Kawashima, T., Eguchi, A., Shi, S., Harada, N. y Miyata, H. (2020). Mental health of family, friends, and co-workers of COVID-19 patients in Japan. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113067
  • Voitsidis, P., Gliatas, I., Bairachtari, V., Papadopoulou, K., Papageorgiou, G., Parlapani, E., Syngelakis, M., Holeva, V. y Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Greek population. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113076
  • Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A. y Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. In: Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies. San Antonio, TX.
  • Zhang, J., Wu, W., Zhao, X. y Zhang, W. (2020). Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital. Precision Clinical Medicine, 3(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcmedi/pbaa006
La source de données: Dialnet