Condicionantes del rendimiento académicorevisión sistemática de 25 años de meta-análisis

  1. Belén Gutiérrez de Rozas
  2. Esther López Martín 1
  3. Elvira Carpintero Molina 2
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
    info

    Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02msb5n36

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Revista de educación

ISSN: 0034-8082

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 398

Páginas: 39-85

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2022-398-552 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de educación

Resumen

Este trabajo supone una continuación de la revisión realizada por Sipe y Curlette (1997), en la que se sintetizaron los resultados de 103 meta-análisis publicados entre 1984 y 1993 destinados a estudiar las variables que influían en el rendimiento académico. Conocer los aspectos que potencian o dificultan el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes resulta clave para poder favorecer su mejora y, por ello, en este estudio se realiza una revisión de los meta-análisis publicados entre 1994 y 2019 que han analizado la relación entre variables personales, familiares, escolares y docentes y el rendimiento académico del alumnado. Los resultados proporcionan una visión general de las características de los 80 meta-análisis identificados en relación con su proceso de búsqueda, selección y codificación de los estudios primarios, el procedimiento metodológico seguido y las características de los estudios primarios seleccionados. Asimismo, a partir de los 127 tamaños del efecto reportados por estos meta-análisis, se estima un tamaño del efecto global para cada uno de los condicionantes del rendimiento académico. Lo anterior permite observar cómo las variables personales que ejercen una mayor influencia en el rendimiento académico son la prematuridad, el rendimiento previo del alumnado, su inteligencia y su salud. Entre los factores familiares destacan la ausencia del padre, el maltrato recibido por parte del entorno familiar y el estatus socioeconómico. Los aspectos escolares que han demostrado tener un mayor peso sobre los resultados de los estudiantes han sido el clima del aula, las medidas de reducción del mal comportamiento y la organización escolar. Por último, entre las variables asociadas al profesor destacan sus propias características, su relación con los estudiantes y la calidad de la docencia. Por todo ello, la presente revisión contribuye a identificar los principales condicionantes del rendimiento académico, lo cual facilitará la adopción de decisiones adecuadas a la hora de abordar su mejora.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet