Recuperar la justiciala bioética como movimiento social

Resumo

The historical and socioeconomic context in which bioethics developed, beginning in the second half of the twentieth century, carries with it a marked liberal emphasis that leads to a particular way of understanding autonomy and justice. The importance and influence of the American principlist school is undeniable, both in clinical practice and in university classrooms in many corners of the world, including developing countries. However, the question arises as to whether this understanding of autonomy and justice is contextually responsible, particularly where poverty, exclusion and social inequality prevail. This research focuses its efforts on demonstrating the need to propose a contextually responsible way of doing bioethics where the aforementioned socioeconomic dynamics prevail. To this end, we focused on the search for a paradigm of justice that would help us in this purpose, focusing particularly on the liberal schools, mainly from the hand of John Rawls and Amartya Sen, and communitarists guided mainly by Michael Walzer and Nancy Fraser. This led us to the need to understand the concepts of vulnerability, poverty and social exclusion, among others, and the way in which they can affect the work of bioethics. In the search for a way of doing bioethics in these spaces, we focused on the concepts of social citizenship and the way of doing public advocacy of the new social movements, finally proposing a model of intervention and public advocacy of bioethics in the contexts of poverty and marginalization.