Estudio nutrigenético sobre la influencia de la dieta mediterránea en la adiposidad corporal de una población con alto riesgo cardiovascular

Resumen

Nutrigenetics is the science that studies the response of individuals to diet component depending on their genetic background. The present project was aimed to analyze the effect of several gene variants (Pro12Ala of PPARã, -174G/C of IL-6, -4034A/C, +45T/G and +276G/T of adipoQ and rs9939609T/A of FTO) and a Mediterranean-Style dietary intervention on 3-year adiposity changes of a high cardiovascular risk population. 1055 subjects at high cardiovascular risk were recruited in primary care centres of Navarra. They were randomly allocated to one of the three intervention groups: the control group that followed a low fat diet, the Mediterranean diet plus high intake of virgin olive oil (MD+VOO) and the Mediterranean diet plus high intake of nuts (MD+nuts). All the subjects were genotyped for the polymorphism in adiposity related genes. Moreover, after 3-year intervention, we measured the plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in a subsample of subjects in order to analyze the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet. We observed that both MD groups, especially the MD+VOO group, had higher levels plasma TAC after three years of intervention. In addition, MD was able to reverse the negative effect of carrying the 12Ala allele of PPARã gene appeared to have on waist circumference change. Moreover, the rs9939609 variant of FTO was associated with lower body weight gain in subjects following a MD diet. Likewise, CC subjects for the -174G/C polymorphism of IL-6 gene that followed an MD+VOO were those with the lowest body weight gain.