Tracing functional brain architecturea combined FMRI-DTI approach

Resumen

Current views in cognitive neuroscience assume that many high level cognitive functions, such as learning, language, or memory are anatomically widely distributed across the whole brain, interacting and overlapping with different large-scale functional systems. These functional specific brain networks are believed to be implemented in the brain by the segregation of different brain regions, that is, groups of neurons or cortical columns with common functional properties. It is the integration of these distal segregated regions, which might define the different cognitive processes. Moreover, these regions are also connected by the presence of specific neural pathways, which permits the information flow between areas. The lack of an anatomical support of these networks makes a direct functional connection biologically impossible. Indeed, unique afferent and efferent connections might define the connectivity patterns used to convey information to other cortical and subcortical regions. In this framework, it is the integration of the distributed neural network, linked anatomically and functionally in a precise way, which largely may define the brain's function. More concretely, by combining functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) information, this dissertation aims to examine possible functional and micro-structural interactions in the human brain in order to reach a better understanding of the organization and dynamics of the distributed neural systems that subserve neural functions and human behaviour.This dissertation should not be considered as a treatise on functional and structural integration but rather as a launching point in order to begin to understand human functional and structural brain connectivity.KEY WORDS: Diffusion Tensor imaging (DTI); functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI); functional connectivity; micro-structure; neuroimaging; reward processing