Automatización del tráficodiseño conceptual de un sistema de transporte automatizado, análisis legislativo, nuevo modelo de movilidad e impacto en la economía nacional

Abstract

Autonomous navigation is presented as the greatest revolution in the history of transportation because the latest scientific advances achieved endorse decades of research in a sector with the potential to solve the serious problems of the current transportation system. However, the existence of a large number of autonomous vehicles navigating in the same scenario raises very relevant issues and challenges that have not yet been resolved. The background to this issue is the traffic automation. The differences between achieving fully autonomous vehicles and achieving traffic automation are many and significant. The research conducted in this thesis analyzes in depth the automation of the traffic at the national level, the scientific and technological challenges, as well as the legislative, economic and social implication and consequences. It presents a conceptual model of an automated transportation system designed for a mobility model in which autonomous systems replace people in navigation. It is a system based on three main elements: automated traffic management, executed by Traffic Control Centers (TCCs), autonomous vehicles, in charge of performing transport missions, and a communications network dedicated to autonomous mobility, or S3 Network. The combination of these elements allows the generation of a new radio space, the so-called Multidimensional Automated Space (MAS), with important operational and commercial implications. This automated transportation system is characterized by intermodality, integrating autonomous land, air and marine navigation. Automating a country’s traffic, in this case Spain, has important legal and administrative connotations. The fundamental paradigms that will define the new legislation that will be necessary for automated mobility are analyzed. The legislative process will be structured in different phases in which regulatory actions will be scaled. The current administrative structure of transport in Spain is evaluated, identifying the organizations and entities that will have to execute this legislative actions. The impact of automation on mobility will also be very important. A study is presented in a reference city based on real mobility data, and the results obtained show the magnitude of this revolution. The advent of intelligent autonomous systems makes it possible to redefine the functionalities of the vehicles. In ideal situations, the vehicle fleet could be reduced by more than 90% to meet the demand for mobility, doubling the average speed of traffic in urban areas. Similarly, the impact on the national economy is extremely high. The most affected sectors have been analyzed, representing 38,16% of Spain`s GDP. The consequences of traffic automation in each of them are very important, in some cases very positive an in others very negative. Traffic automation enables a sustainable, efficient and safe mobility model, redefining traffic patterns and rules, moving from batch traffic to flow traffic, providing on-demand and intermodal mobility, giving rise to a new economic structure and allowing the recovery of cities for people.