¿Hacia un cambio de modelo productivo?El rol de las grandes empresas y el capital extranjero en la economía española.

Abstract

In recent years, we have witnessed sudden interruptions in international production and trade flows as a result of events such as the global pandemic or the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In a context of international productive fragmentation, hierarchically articulated by large transnational corporations around the so-called global production chains, these supply shocks have highlighted in national economies the risks associated with strong economic interdependence on a global scale. Thus, the economic discipline has revitalized the debate on the processes of structural change in national economies, with the aim of moving towards productive structures with a greater degree of self-sufficiency and economic autonomy. The aim of this research applied to the study of the Spanish economy is to analyze some critical nodes that should be taken into account in the framework of this debate. On the one hand, we identify some subsectors which, due to their degree of articulation with the productive structure as a whole, are key to promoting a change in the productive model. On the other hand, we also analyze the degree of dependence of the activity of these sectors on large transnational corporations and foreign capital subsidiaries, a key aspect for decision-making.