Big data y ciencia de los datos para una nefrología personalizada: ¿estamos preparados para una "nefrología inteligente"?

  1. Hueso, Miguel 9
  2. Ibeas, José 23
  3. Revuelta, Ignacio 45
  4. Santos-Arteaga, Francisco-J. 8
  5. Soler, María José 67
  6. Buades, Juan Manuel 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital Universitario Son Llàtzer. Palma de Mallorca
  2. 2 Servicio de Nefrología. Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari. Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT. Universitat Autònoma
  3. 3 de Barcelona. Sabadell. Barcelona
  4. 4 Servicio de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal. Hospital Clínic. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS).
  5. 5 Barcelona
  6. 6 Nephrology Research Group. Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). Nephrology Department. Hospital Universitari
  7. 7 Vall d’Hebron. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Barcelona
  8. 8 Faculty of Economics and Management. Free University of Bolzano. Bolzano. Italy
  9. 9 Servicio de Nefrología. Hospital de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona
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Revista:
Nefrología

ISSN: 0211-6995

Año de publicación: 2019

Volumen: 11

Número: 02

Páginas: 1-10

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Nefrología

Resumen

El objetivo de la medicina personalizada es ofrecer a cada paciente un tratamiento adecuado en el momento preciso.En la actualidad, para demostrar que un tratamiento es eficaz es necesario obtener datos de costosos ensayos clínicoscontrolados, aleatorizados y multicéntricos (medicina basada en la evidencia). Sin embargo, los resultados puedenno demostrar eficacia en la población seleccionada, por lo que en la actualidad se recomienda un análisis previo dedatos retrospectivos recogidos en grandes bases de datos (big data), que pueden proceder de fuentes heterogéneas(datos de laboratorio, datos moleculares y genéticos, cursos clínicos, imágenes, fármacos, etc.) con el objetivo deconocer qué variables modifican los resultados del tratamiento médico en la “vida real”. Para el análisis de este bigdata y para obtener nuevo conocimiento es necesario utilizar nuevas herramientas y potentes tecnologías, generando una “nueva” ciencia basada en los datos. Esta ciencia de los datos se encuentra en continua expansión con eldesarrollo de nuevos métodos dedicados a la recogida de datos, su almacenamiento, depuración, procesamiento yanálisis. Este conocimiento generado por los datos tendrá un impacto en la práctica clínica con la instauración detratamientos personalizados, diseño de fármacos inteligentes, identificación de poblaciones de riesgo o rastreode información en la historia clínica informatizada. El objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar algunas de las oportunidades que ofrece la ciencia de los datos a la nefrología, señalar a qué retos se enfrenta y proponer posibles aplicaciones para una nefrología personalizada

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