La estructura común del hexámetro dactílico y el trímetro yámbico en la poesía griega arcaica

  1. García Novo, Elsa 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Cuadernos de filología clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos

ISSN: 1131-9070

Año de publicación: 2023

Número: 33

Páginas: 151-161

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/CFCG.86762 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de filología clásica. Estudios griegos e indoeuropeos

Resumen

Taking into account the bases of functional metre, I emphasise that, in the archaic Greek poetry, both the dactylic hexameter and the iambic trimeter respond to the same structure. These are spoken verses of twelve perfectly alternating components: six monosyllabic components (M) and six potentially disyllabic components (D), which have end-of-line marks, as well as positions in which the word ending is common (caesuras) and positions in which it is avoided (bridges). Each of them has a single rhythm (- ⏑ - or - ⏑ ⏑ -), which must appear at least once in each verse. The trochaic tetrameter is an extension of the iambic trimeter. All three lines necessarily end in a potentially disyllabic component (D), reduced to a single long syllable. A description of the elegiac distich is given, showing that its first verse is a spoken hexameter, while the second has a first series of perfect M/D alternation (MDMDM), but the second has a fixed scheme based on monosyllabic components, in the style of lyric poetry: MDMDM / MMMMMMM //. It thus serves as a bridge between spoken verse and lyric κῶλον.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abritta, A. (2016), «Nuevas perspectivas sobre el origen del hexámetro dactílico», TEMPVS 39, 7-28.
  • Adkins, W.H. (1985), Poetic craft in the early Greek elegists, Chicago 1985. https://archive.org/details/poeticcraftinear0000adki
  • Agócs, P. & Prauscello, L. (eds.) (2020), Simonides lyricus: essays on the "other" classical choral lyric poet, Cambridge, Cambridge Philological Society.
  • Allen, W.S. (1973), Accent and Rhythm. Prosodic features of Latin and Greek, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Aloni, A. & Iannucci, A. (2007), L’elegia greca e l’epigramma dalle origini al V secolo, Firenze, Le Monnier.
  • Barnes, H.R. (1996), «The structure of the elegiac hexameter: a comparison of the structure of elegiac and stichic hexameter verse», en M. Fantuzzi & R. Pretagostini (eds.), Struttura e storia dell'esametro greco. Vol. I., Roma, Gruppo Editoriale Internazionale: 135-161.
  • Baumbach, M., Petrovic, A., & Petrovic, I. (2010), Archaic and Classical Greek Epigram, Cambridge/New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Berg, N. (1978), «Parergon metricum; der Ursprung des griechischen Hexameters», MSS 37: 11-36.
  • Bierl, A. & Latacz, J., (2015), Homer’s Iliad. The Basel Commentary. Prolegomena, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501501746
  • Bierl, A. (2015), «New Trends in Homeric Scholarship», en Bierl & Latacz: 177-203.
  • Bing, P. & Bruss, J. (2007) (eds.), Brill’s Companion to Hellenistic Epigrams, Leiden, Brill. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047419402_001
  • Bravi, L. (2006), Gli epigrammi di Simonide e le vie della tradizione, Roma, Edizioni dell'Ateneo.
  • Brioso Sánchez, M. (1974), «Notas para la historia del pentámetro dactílico griego», Emerita 42: 147-158. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=898352
  • Cassio, A.C. (2017), «Overlong Syllables In The Epic ‘Adonius’ And The Compositional Stages Of Greek Hexameter Poetry», en Tsagalis & Markantonatos: 31-41.
  • Dale, A.M. (1951), «The metrical units of Greek Lyric verse», II, CQ 1: 20-30 = Collected Papers, Cambridge, Cambidge University Press, 1969: 61-79.
  • Dale, A.M. (1958), «Resolutions in the trochaic tetrameter», Glotta 37: 102-105 = Collected papers, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1969: 130-134.
  • Day, J.W. (2010), Archaic Greek Epigram and Dedication: Representation and Reperformance. Cambridge/New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Del Barrio, M.L. (1989), «Epigramas dialogados: orígenes y estructura», CFC 23: 189-201.
  • Devine, A.M. & Stephens, L. (1975), «Anceps», GRBS 16: 197-215.
  • Fantuzzi, M. & Pretagostini, R. (eds.) (1996), Struttura e storia dell’esametro greco, 2 vols., Roma, Gruppo Editoriale Intermazionale.
  • Fantuzzi, M. & Hunter, R.L. (2002), Muse e modelli: la poesia ellenistica da Alessandro Magno ad Augusto, Roma/Bari, Laterza.
  • Finkelberg, M. (1997), Review to M. Fantuzzi & R. Pretagostini (eds.), Struttura e storia dell’esametro greco, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 07/07/1997. https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1997/1997.07.07/
  • Fränkel, H. (1926), «Der homerische und der kallimachische Hexameter», Nachr. Gesellsch. Wissensch., Götingen: 197-229 = Wege und Formen frühgriechischen Denkens, München (1955) 19683: 100-156.
  • García Novo, E. (1996), «Catalexis, brevis in longo and the structure of Greek stichic verse: a new approach», Rendiconti dell’Accademia di Archeologia, Lettere e Belle Arti 65: 73-94.
  • García Novo, E. (1998), «Simetría y variación en el teatro y en el arte griegos», en E. García Novo & I. Rodríguez Alfageme (eds.), Dramaturgia e messa in scena del dramma greco, Madrid, Ediciones Clásicas: I 121-150.
  • García Novo, E. (2000), «El dístico elegiaco arcaico: nueva definición de su estructura a nivel de Vers”, CFC(egi) 10: 9-18. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/CFCG/issue/view/CFCG000011
  • García Novo, E. (2014), «A Structural Approach to Greek Lyric Periods», Rosetta 16: 1-14. http://www.rosetta.bham.ac.uk/issue16/Novo.pdf
  • García Novo, E. (2016), «El tetrámetro trocaico y el tetrámetro yámbico recitados en el Teatro griego”, Studia Philologica Valentina 18 (n.s. 15): 77-86. https://www.uv.es/SPhV/18/studia18.pdf
  • Gentili, B. & Giannini, P. (1977), «Preistoria e formazione dell’esametro», QUCC 26: 7-51.
  • Gentili, B. & Prato, C. (1988-2002), Poetae Elegiaci. Testimonia et Fragmenta, 2nd ed., Leipzig, Teubner (ed. 1ª 1979-1985).
  • De Groot, A.W. (1929), «La métrique générale et le rythme », BSL 89: 202-232.
  • Hackstein, O. & Gunkel, D. (eds.) (2018), Language and Meter, Leiden, Brill.
  • Hajnal, I. (2003), «Der epische Hexameter in Rahmen der Homer-Troia-Debatte», en Ch. Ulf (ed.), Der neue Streit um Troia. Eine Bilanz, München, Beck: 217-231.
  • Horrocks, G.C. (1980), «The antiquity of the Greek epic tradition: some new evidence», PCPS 206: 1-11.
  • Jakobson, R. (1952), «Studies in comparative Slavic metres», Oxford Slavonic Papers 3: 21-66.
  • Kiparsky, P. (2018), «Indo-European Origins of the Greek Hexameter», en Hackstein & Gunkel: 77-128.
  • Kirk, G. S. (1966), «Studies in some technical aspects of Homeric style», YCS 20: 75-151.
  • Kuryłowicz, J. (1970), «The quantitative meter of Indo European», en E. Cardona, H.M. Hoenigswald, A. Senn (eds.), Indo-European and Indo Europeans, Filadelfia, Filadelfia University Press: 421-430.
  • Latacz, J. (2001), Troia und Homer, München-Berlin, Koehler & Amelang Verlag.
  • Maas, P. (1962), Greek Metre, trad. H. Lloyd Jones, Oxford (Griechische Metrik, Berlin 1923, cuarta revisión 1961).
  • Magnelli, E. (1996), «Studi recenti sull’origine dell’esametro: un profilo critico», en Fantuzzi & Pretagostini: II 111-137.
  • Nagy, G. (1974), Comparative studies in Greek and Indic meter, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
  • https://chs.harvard.edu/book/nagy-gregory-comparative-studies-in-greek-and-indic-meter/
  • Napolitano, M. (2015), «Postille all’Esametro di Hermann Fränkel», RCCM 57: 349-369.
  • Natale, A. (2011), Reseña a O. Poltera (2008), Simonides Lyricus, en BMCR 2011.06.32. https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2011/2011.06.32/
  • O’neill, E.G. (1942), «The localization of metrical word types in the Greek hexameter: Homer, Hesiod and the Alexandrinians», YCS 8: 105-178.
  • Page, D. (1982), Further Greek Epigrams, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
  • Parry, M. (1928), Les formules et la métrique d’Homère, Paris, recogido en The making of Homeric verse, ed. A. Parry, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1971 : 191-239.
  • Pighi, G.B. (1964-1965), «Lineamenti di metrica storica delle lingue indoeuropee», Rend. Accad. Sc. dell Ist. di Bologna 53: 25-88 = Studi di ritmica e metrica, Torino, Bottega d’Erasmo, 1970 : 3-65.
  • Poltera, O. (2008), Simonides Lyricus. Testimonia und Fragmente, Basilea, Schwabe.
  • Rawles, R. (2018), Simonides the poet: intertextuality and reception, Cambridge/New York, Cambridge University Press.
  • Rossi, L.E. (1996), «Estensione e valore del colon nell'esametro omerico», en Fantuzzi & Pretagostini: II 271-320.
  • Ruijgh, C.J. (1995), «D’Homère aux origines proto-mycéniennes de la tradition épique», en J.P. Crielaard (ed.), Homeric Questions. Essays in Philology, Ancient History and Archaeology, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press: 1-96.
  • Ruipérez, M.S. (1955), «Cantidad silábica y métrica estructural en griego antiguo», Emerita 23: 79-95.
  • Santin, E. (2009), Autori di epigrammi sepolcrali greci su pietra. Firme di poeti occasionali e professionisti, Roma, Bardi Editore.
  • Schouben, N. (2018), How To Find The Origins Of A Dragon?, dissertation Ghent University.
  • Sicking, CH.M. (1993), Griechische Verslehre, München, Beck.
  • Sider, D. (2020a), Simonides of Ceos. Epigrams and Elegies, Oxford/New York, Oxford University Press.
  • Sider, D. (2020b), «Simonides lyricus, elegiacus, epigrammaticus», en Agócs & Prauscello: 105-120.
  • Swift, L. (2019), Archilochus: the poems: introduction, text, translation, and commentary, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Tichy, E. (2018), «Vom lyrischen zum epischen Vers: Der Hexameter und seine orale Vorgeschichte», en Hackstein & Gunkel: 346-361.
  • Treu, M. (1968), «Von Pentameterdihäresen», QUCC 6: 101-113.
  • Tsagalis, CH. (2008), Inscribing Sorrow: Fourth-century Attic Funerary Epigrams, Berlin/New York, De Gruyter.
  • Tsagalis, Ch. & Markantonatos, A. (eds.) (2017), The winnowing oar. New Perspectives in Homeric Studies, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter.
  • Van Raalte, M. (1986), Rhythm and metre. Towards a systematic description of Greek stichic verse, Assen/Maastricht, Van Gorcum.
  • West, M.L. (1973), «Greek Poetry 2000-700 B.C.», CQ 23: 179-192.
  • West, M.L. (1974), Studies in Greek Elegy and Iambus, Berlin/New York, De Gruyter.
  • West, M.L. (1982), Greek Metre, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • West, M.L. (1989-19922), Iambi et Elegi Graeci, I-II, Oxford, Oxford Clarendon Press. (1ª ed. 1971-1972).
  • West, M.L. (2011), The making of the Iliad: Disquisition and analytical commentary, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet