Influencia de la obesidad, los factores sociodemográficos y las características del parto en la aparición de la hemorragia posparto

Resum

Objective: to analyse the association of sociodemographic characteristics, pre-pregnancy obesity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy and characteristics of delivery with the risk of suffering a post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). Method: a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted with women who gave birth during 2018 in a second level hospital. The study included pregnant women with single birth of a live newborn at term, with vaginal delivery and complete pregnancy monitoring at hospital. The following information was collected from the clinical record: age and origin of the mother, pre-pregnancy body mass index, weight gain during pregnancy, and different variables associated with delivery. The outcome variable was PPH (> 500mL). Results: the study included N= 831 women; their mean age was 31.8 years (SD:5.38), 62.7% were Spanish; 64.6% were multiparous; 41.7% presented pre-pregnancy overweight / obesity; 26.2% had an excessive weight gain during pregnancy; 89,3% had natural deliveries and 70,4% of deliveries were directed. Twenty women presented PPH (2.4%). No association was found with any of the characteristics studied, except for type of delivery (p= 0.039). Patients with non-spontaneous delivery presented higher risk of suffering PPH; 5.39 times more (1.13-25.75; p= 0.022) when delivery was directed and 5.29 (1.3-21.69; p= 0.013) when it was manual. Conclusions: neither sociodemographic factors nor pre and post-pregnancy anthropometric characteristics have influence on the development of PPH. Non-spontaneous delivery increases the risk of PPH up to five times more. These data must be interpreted cautiously.