Inmunoterapia en gliomas.Alteraciones epigenéticas, caracterización de potenciales dianas terapéuticas

Zusammenfassung

In adult population, gliomas are rare tumors compared to other primary neoplasms such as colon, breast, or lung cancers. Among the gliomas, glioblastoma (GBM), grade IV, is the most frequent and currently lacks curative effective treatments, it’s characterized by a poor vital prognosis. For this reason, it is necessary to develop new treatments that improve the evolution of these patients. Regarding to the rest of the gliomas, the prognosis is better, but therapeutic is based on classical radiotherapy and chemotherapy, with no recent advances. Over last years, immunotherapy has been developed as an effective therapeutic approach in some tumors, as, for example, lung cancer, melanoma and kidney cancer. Activation of immune cells (T lymphocytes) against tumor has proved to maintain tumor responses in some neoplasms. This has led to different immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs approval (anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4). These drugs have been tested in different GBM patients’ clinical trials, but the expected results have not been seen yet. Therefore, it is necessary a better understanding of the immune response regulation and its possible association with most frequent molecular alterations in gliomas. The purpose of the above is to search for new therapeutic targets or, at least, predictive markers of immunotherapy response that may guide therapeutic decisions. A better knowledge of tumor cellularity and immune infiltrate can provide interesting information in gliomas taking into account that there have not been therapeutic advances in lasts years...