Simulación y caracterización de correcciones ópticas : Impacto de diseños, aberraciones monocromáticas y policromáticasSimulation and characterization of optical corrections : impact of design, monochromatic and polychromatic aberrations

Abstract

The eye is an optical element that projects images of the world onto the retina. This optical system is not perfect, as it suffers from aberrations as well as diffraction and scattering that degrade retinal image quality. In recent years, a large number of techniques based on Adaptive Optics (AO) have been developed for the measurement and correction of ocular aberrations. Measurements of the eye with AO systems have allowed a better understanding of the contribution of the different components of the eye to the degradation of image quality. Furthermore, the manipulation of optical aberrations allows understanding of the connections between optical degradation and perceived visual quality. The optics of the eye change with age, eye diseases, and treatments. Therefore, understanding the sources of variations in natural aberrations, the interactions between monochromatic aberrations and chromatic aberrations (Longitudinal Chromatic Aberration 'LCA' and Transverse Chromatic Aberration 'TCA'), and the impact of optical blurring on vision is key. This knowledge allows to shed light on some basic mechanisms of the eye and, among others, to guide the design and optimization of new alternatives for the correction of presbyopia (multifocal intraocular lenses and multifocal contact lenses), as well as other more complex personalized refractive and presbyopic corrections. Visual simulators based on AO are excellent tools to investigate vision under natural and modified optics in monochromatic and polychromatic conditions. A wavefront sensor in combination with an active optical element (deformable mirror, spatial light modulator, or simultaneous vision simulators based on SimVis technology) and a psychophysical channel allows investigating the optics of the eye, the neural adaptation processes behind, and the response to modified or simulated optics. In addition to modifying the optics using active elements, it can also be done using Fourier optics, convolving the PSF (Point Spread Function) characteristic of an aberration pattern with our object. This allows us to study the impact of convolved images by different patterns of aberrations on visual performance (in both monochromatic and polychromatic conditions)...