Streptococcus pneumoniae y Staphylococcus aureus.Enfermedad invasiva, biofilm y terapia

Resumo

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the main responsible of bacterial community-acquired pneumonia. Its main virulence factor is the capsular polysaccharide (CPS), which classifies the pneumococcus in at least 101 different serotypes. Between 5-10% of adults and up to 40% of children are colonized asymptomatically,being the carrier state a requirement for the development of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). IPD is vaccine-preventable, there are two vaccines used in Spain: the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) for children and adults and the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) for adults. Since the introduction of conjugate vaccines, non-vaccine serotypes have emerged, a phenomenon called serotype replacement. Staphylococcus aureus, also a relevant pathogen, is responsible for a wide range of diseases: from less severe such as folliculitis to severe invasive diseases like endocarditis. S. aureus has an arsenal of virulence factors to evade the immune system including a CPS, present in up to 90% of clinical isolates. The main clinical relevance of S. aureus remains in its great clinical impact due to the antibiotic resistance, specifically caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. S. aureus colonizes up to 80% of the population...