Estudio del perfil de citoquinas en la lágrima y el humor acuoso de pacientes con glaucoma

Résumé

Glaucoma is defined as the acquired loss of ganglion cells and axons of the optic nerve, resulting in characteristic alterations of the optic nerve head and the visual field. It is the second cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common type of glaucoma in Europe, while pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) is the leading cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor, low-grade inflammation likely plays a role in its pathogenesis. Glaucoma animal models have demonstrated inflammation in the retina and optic nerve. Furthermore, similar inflammatory mechanisms in the anterior chamber could explain the trabecular meshwork dysfunction and an increase in IOP. Treatment is based on the use of topical hypotensive drugs; surgery being considered when medical therapy is not effective or there is risk of glaucoma progression. Trabeculectomy is the gold standard surgical technique, and the healing of the sclera and conjunctiva are a crucial factor in its success. In addition, the characteristics of the aqueous humor could affect healing after surgery.In recent years, it has been detected that increased intraocular levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines could contribute to the pathogenesis of some ophthalmological diseases and provide relevant information on the pathophysiology of the disease, its treatment, its severity and the prognosis of surgery...