Close, yet differentthe Southern European transitions of the 1970s revisited

  1. Diego Palacios Cerezales 1
  2. Víctor Fernández Soriano 2
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgica)
Journal:
Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez

ISSN: 0076-230X

Year of publication: 2023

Issue: 53

Pages: 181-206

Type: Article

More publications in: Mélanges de la Casa de Velázquez

Abstract

La idea de que Portugal, Grecia y España compartieron un modelo de transición de la dictadura a la democracia se ha propuesto, criticado y revivido varias veces en las últimas cuatro décadas. Tras un repaso de los criterios encontrados en la literatura, este artículo desarrolla una exploración comparativa de las tres transiciones guiada por la definición de democracia como un sistema efectivo de gobierno construido sobre el gobierno del pueblo, operacionalizado en tres dimensiones clave. La primera es la reconfiguración del pueblo mediante la redefinición de los límites y contenidos de la nación. La segunda son los medios desplegados para expresar y canalizar las preferencias políticas de la población, incluidas las elecciones, los referendos y las manifestaciones. La última dimensión es la transformación del aparato policial que contribuye a hacer efectivo el gobierno. Hubo importantes diferencias en la dirección del cambio y la centralidad de los elementos de estas tres dimensiones, especialmente en lo que respecta a las opciones relativas a la redefinición de la comunidad nacional, el uso de referendos y la urgencia de la reforma policial. Sin embargo, los tres países se convirtieron con éxito en democracias multipartidistas, lo que sugiere que, aunque no todos los caminos abiertos para cada país hubieran desembocado en la democracia, ésta fue el resultado posible de muchos conjuntos diferentes de elecciones colectivas e individuales.

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