Evaluación de dismorfia muscular y adicción al ejercicio físico

Resumo

Physical activity is a desirable behaviour that contributes to the state of health both physically and psychologically, with a positive impact on the bio-psycho-social sphere of people. The practice of physical exercise is associated with the secretion of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as serotonin and dopamine, as well as neurohormones such as catecholamines. The effect of physical exercise on the brain makes it a potentially addictive behaviour. The transition from healthy behaviour to problem behaviour occurs when the behaviour that guides this behaviour evolves from positive reinforcement, such as pleasure seeking, to negative reinforcement, such as avoidance of discomfort caused by interrupting exercise. This is also accompanied by a loss of control over behaviour and the appearance of tolerance (more and more physical exercise is needed to achieve the desired effects) and withdrawal syndrome (both physical and psychological discomfort when it stops, interrupts or tries to reduce behaviour), leading to a behavioural addiction. The complexity of the study of addictions resides in that they are frequently multifactorial problems that require a multidimensional approach. From this context the present research was born, where the relationship between exercise addiction (EA) and muscle dysmorphia (DM) is explored, since both disorders have addiction or dependence due to exercise, and other relevant related variables in common. with addictive pathologies such as self-esteem, maladaptive early schemes, emotional dependence, attachment styles, impulsivity and other addictions, whether to substances or behaviours, such as alcohol abuse / dependence, gambling disorder, addiction substance abuse, eating disorders, internet addiction, video game addiction, compulsive spending and sex addiction...