Más allá del Fact Checkingalgunas propuestas para combatir la desinformación desde la perspectiva semiótica

Résumé

This paper aims to expose what we consider to be the main causes of the current post-truth era and to try to bring some possible proposals to reverse it. To do so, we will analyze fact checking, which is the main action being carried out to combat disinformation and fake news, but which, nevertheless, does not seem to be proving to be very effective. This could be due to the fact that, as Umberto Eco said ten years before post-truth began to be talked about, "today false news is put into circulation knowing that it will soon be discovered as such, because its function is not to establish false beliefs, but to dismantle established beliefs" (2007). We base the study on a semiotic methodology, as we understand post-truth as the discursive practices through which we construct truth. And, from a semiotic perspective, truth is not studied as a correspondence with reality, but as a construction that occurs at the social and community level and is achieved through the use and exchange of shared knowledge (Lorusso, 2018). From this point of view, the problem we face today is not, as is often thought, that we are facing a multiplication of truth. In the days of filter bubble and echo chambers (Pariser, 2011), there are multiple and weak truths, wich are fractal, sustained by small communities made up, paradoxical though it may sound, of atomized individuals, as opposed to an agreed, consensual truth that lasts over time, creating and cohesive society.