Infecciones respiratorias con compromiso respiratorio. Neumonías y COVID-19

  1. Miguens Blanco, I. 1
  2. Micheloud Giménez, D. 1
  3. Andrés Berian, L. 1
  4. Morales Pérez, J. 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
Journal:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Year of publication: 2023

Issue Title: Urgencias (II):Urgencias respiratorias torácicas

Series: 13

Issue: 88

Pages: 5185-5195

Type: Article

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More publications in: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Abstract

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death due to infection worldwide, with a hospitalization rate in Europe of up to 40%. Among the risk factors for a severe prognosis are immunosuppression, tobacco use, and comorbidity. It especially affects the very young and the very old. The clinical presentation of the two types of pneumonia—community-acquired pneumonia and nosocomial pneumonia—must be corroborated with an imaging test once the suspected diagnosis is established in order to confirm it. Regardless of the etiological diagnosis, empirical antibiotic treatment is of particular interest in emergency medicine, considering its impact on later morbidity and mortality. In cases in which there is an etiological diagnosis, the most common pathogen isolated is Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, viral pneumonias, and specifically the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, have highlighted the relevance of viruses in pneumonia.

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