Interactive mapping of Covid-19 misinformation in Ibero-America

  1. Colmenero-Ruiz, María-Jesús 1
  2. Paletta, Francisco-Carlos 2
  3. Gonzales-Aguilar, Audilio 3
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Universidade de São Paulo
    info

    Universidade de São Paulo

    São Paulo, Brasil

    ROR https://ror.org/036rp1748

  3. 3 Université Paul Valéry Montpellier III
Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710 1699-2407

Ano de publicación: 2023

Título do exemplar: Disinformation and online media

Volume: 32

Número: 5

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.SEP.13 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: El profesional de la información

Resumo

Fake news, created with different intentions and disseminated through various social networks and messaging platforms, has become a significant means of disinformation in the current landscape. In the face of certain events or controversial situations, the number of fake new items increases, a situation that can become worrying. One such event was the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic. To combat this phenomenon, various fact-checking bodies appeared with the objective of demonstrating and disseminating whether a certain piece of information was correct. At the international level, these organizations have joined together in the #CoronaVirusFacts/#DatosCoronaVirus Alliance. The organization Chequeado from Argentina has collected information coming from Latin American (Latam) countries plus Spain and Portugal in a specific database, which allows for their analysis on an independent basis. The objective of this work is to analyze and make graphically visible the thematic distribution, media typology, and digital formats of the fake news that circulated regarding the coronavirus pandemic in Ibero-America by means of the social network analysis technique (SNA) and others, using the information from the aforementioned database. Its final visualization is shown by means of interactive mapping, which can be manipulated by the user to analyze the results through the application of different integrated filtering strategies.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ABC/EP (2020). "WhatsApp lanza una función para combatir los bulos dentro de la aplicación". ABC, 4 agosto. https://www.abc.es/tecnologia/moviles/aplicaciones/abci-whatsapp-lanza-funcion-para-combatir-bulos-dentro-aplicacion-202008041238_noticia.html
  • Almeida, Carla (2016). «Radar latinoamericano: La desinformación en tiempos de zika». SciDevNet, 15 febrero. https://www.scidev.net/america-latina/enfermedades/blog-de-analistas/radar-latinoamericano-la-desinformaci-n-en-tiempos-de-zika.html
  • Andrienko, Natalia; Andrienko, Gennady; Fuchs, Georg; Slingsby, Aidan; Turkay, Cagatay, Wrobel, Stefan (2020). "Visual analytics for understanding relationships between entities". In: Andrienko, Natalia; Andrienko, Gennady; Fuchs, Georg; Slingsby, Aidan; Turkay, Cagatay, Wrobel, Stefan. Visual analytics for data scientists. Cham: Springer, pp. 201-218. ISBN: 978 3 030 56146 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56146-8_7
  • Avaaz (2020). "Facebook´s algorithm: A major threat to public health". Avaaz, 19 August. https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/facebook_threat_health
  • Ávila-Toscano, José-Hernando; Romero-Pérez, Ivón-Catherine; Marenco-Escuderos, Ailed; Saavedra-Guajardo, Eugenio (2018). "Identification of research thematic approaches based on keywords network analysis in Colombian social sciences". In: Thomas, Ciza (ed.). Data mining. London: InTechOpen. ISBN: 978 1 789235975 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.76834
  • Bastian, Mathieu; Heymann, Sebastien; Jacomy, Mathieu (2009). "Gephi: an open source software for exploring and manipulating networks". In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on web and social media, v. 3, n. 1. Third international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media, pp. 361-362. https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/13937
  • Bayas-Ramírez, Krushenka. (2020). "Visualización del contexto de las fake news para entender la infodemia". #PerDebate, v. 4, n. 1, pp. 88-108. https://doi.org/10.18272/pd.v4i1.1995
  • Bond, Robert M.; Fariss, Christopher J.; Jones, Jason J.; Kramer, Adam D. I.; Marlow, Cameron; Settle, Jaime E.; Fowler, James H. (2012). "A 61-million-person experiment in social influence and political mobilization". Nature v. 489, pp. 295-298. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11421
  • Brennen, J. Scott; Simon, Felix M.; Howard, Philip N.; Nielsen, Rasmus-Kleis (2020). "Types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation". RISJ Factsheet. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 7 April. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation
  • Brennen, J. Scott; Simon, Felix M.; Nielsen, Rasmus-Kleis (2021). "Beyond (mis) representation: Visuals in COVID-19 misinformation". The international journal of press/politics, v. 26, n. 1, pp. 277-299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220964780
  • Cherven, Ken (2015). "Mastering Gephi network visualization: Produce advanced network graphs in Gephi and gain valuable insights into your network datasets". Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing. ISBN: 978 1 783987344 https://www.packtpub.com/product/mastering-gephi-network-visualization/9781783987344
  • Comisión Europea (2018a). "La lucha contra la desinformación en línea: un enfoque europeo". Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento europeo, al Comité económico y social europeo y al Comité de las regiones. COM(2018)236. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/documents-register/detail?ref=COM(2018)236
  • Comisión Europea (2018b). "Action plan against disinformation". Join (2018) 36 final. https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/action_plan_against_disinformation.pdf
  • Comisión Europea (2018c). "Code of practice on disinformation". https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2018-code-practice-disinformation
  • Comisión Europea (2022). Strengthened code of practice disinformation. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/2022-strengthened-code-practice-disinformation
  • Consejo Europeo (2015). "Reunión del Consejo Europeo (19 y 20 de marzo de 2015) - conclusiones". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/21872/st00011es15.pdf
  • El Español (2020). "Twitter censurará los mensajes que "˜nieguen los consejos de expertos´ sobre el coronavirus". El Español, 22 abril. https://www.elespanol.com/omicrono/20200422/twitter-eliminara-mensajes-nieguen-consejos-expertos-covid/484453080_0.html
  • Ferrari, Anusca; Punie, Yves; BreÄko, Barbara N. (2013). "DigComp: A framework for developing and understanding digital competence in Europe". https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC83167/lb-na-26035-enn.pdf
  • High level Group on fake news and online disinformation (2018) "A multi-dimensional approach to disinformation: Report of the independent". Luxemburg: European Commission. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-online-disinformation
  • Hassan-Montero, Yusef; De-Moya-Anegón, Félix; Guerrero-Bote, Vicente P. (2022). "SCImago Graphica: A new tool for exploring and visually communicating data". Profesional de la información v. 31, n. 5. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.sep.02
  • Instituto #SaludsinBulos; Doctoralia (2019). II Estudio sobre bulos en salud. https://saludsinbulos.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/es-II-estudio-bulos-salud.pdf
  • Ireton, Cherilyn; Posetti, Julie (2018). Journalism, ‘fake news´ & disinformation: handbook for journalism education and training. Paris: Unesco Publishing. ISBN: 978 92 3 100281 6
  • Jiménez-Cano, Rosa (2017). "Facebook, contra las noticias falsas en España". El País, 21 septiembre. https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2017/09/21/actualidad/1506019098_005465.html?rel=mas
  • Larson, Heidi J. (2018). "The biggest pandemic risk? Viral misinformation". Nature, v. 562, n. 309. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07034-4
  • Martínez-Musiño, Celso (2011). "Desinformar en la sociedad de la información". En: Primeras jornadas virtuales iberoamericanas de ciencias de la información y la documentación, Buenos Aires, octubre 10-30. http://eprints.rclis.org/16276/1/Desinformarenlasociedaddelainformaci%C3%B3n.pdf
  • Monnier, Angeliki (2020). "Covid-19 : de la pandémie í l´infodémie et la chasse aux fake news". Recherches & educations. HS, Juillet. https://doi.org/10.4000/rechercheseducations.9898
  • Otte, Evelien; Rousseau, Ronald (2002). "Social network analysis: a powerful strategy, also for the information sciences". Journal of information science, v. 28, n. 6, pp. 441-453. https://doi.org/10.1177/016555150202800601
  • Oyeyemi, Sunday-Oluwafemi; Gabarron, Elia; Wynn, Rolf (2014). "Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination?". BMJ, v. 349. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g6178
  • Raya, Adrián (2020). "Facebook quiere ser más transparente: revela de dónde son las páginas". El Español, 22 abril. https://www.elespanol.com/omicrono/software/20200422/facebook-quiere-transparente-revela-paginas/484452514_0.html
  • Real Academia Española (2014). Diccionario de la lengua española, 23ª ed. https://dle.rae.es
  • Rivas-Troitiño, José-Manuel (1995). "Desinformación. Revisión de su significado. Del engaño a la falta de rigor". Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, n. 2. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ESMP/article/view/ESMP9595110075A
  • Rosenbaum, Peter (2018). "Dr Google versus the health practitioner: can we still deliver?". Developmental medicine and child neurology, v. 60, n. 6, p. 530. https://doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13710
  • Segrelles-Calvo, Gonzalo (2016). "«Dr. Google»: calidad de la información en la web, limitaciones e impacto en la relación médico-paciente". Archivos de Bronconeumología, v. 52, n. 11, p. 573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2016.04.007
  • Stein, Andrew (2011). "Dr Google o Dr Lazy ?", QJM: An international journal of medicine, v. 104, n. 4, pp. 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcr004
  • Subires-Mancera, María-Purificación (2017). "La lucha contra las noticias falsas en Internet". En: Larrondo-Ureta, Ainara; Meso-Ayerdi, Koldobika; Peí±a-Fernández, Simón (coord.), IX Congreso Internacional de Ciberperiodismo: Innovación y emprendimiento al servicio de las audiencias. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, pp. 512-526. ISBN : 978 84 9082 783 3 https://web-argitalpena.adm.ehu.es/listaproductos.asp?IdProducts=USPDF177833
  • Velt, Raphaí«l (2011). "gexf-js". https://github.com/raphv/gexf-js
  • Vosoughi, Soroush; Roy, Deb; Aral, Sinan (2018). "The spread of true and false news online". Science, v. 359, n. 6380, pp. 1146-1151. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9559
  • Wang, Yuxi; McKee, Martin; Torbica, Aleksandra; Stuckler, David (2019). "Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media". Social science & medicine, v. 240, n. 112552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112552
  • Wen-Ying; Sylvia-Chou; Oh, April; Kleinm, William-M.P. (2018). "Addressing Health-Related Misinformation on Social Media". JAMA. v. 320, n. 23, pp. 2417-2418. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.16865