Missing femalesHow many, where, when, causes and consequences

  1. Enrique Llopis Agelán
Zeitschrift:
Documentos de trabajo de la Asociación Española de Historia Económica

Datum der Publikation: 2023

Nummer: 23

Art: Arbeitsdokument

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Zusammenfassung

La aproximación al número, a la geografía, a las causas y a las consecuencias presentes y futuras de las missing females en el mundo constituye el objetivo esencial de este ensayo. Para ello, junto a la rica bibliografía, se emplean las estadísticas de los organismos internacionales de fecundidad y de relaciones de masculinidad de los nacidos y de la población. Las principales conclusiones son: 1) el número de mujeres desaparecidas se aproximaba o superaba los 100 millones hacia 1990, ha crecido desde entonces hasta ahora y alcanzará, probablemente, su máximo absoluto hacia 2035 con una cifra que rondará los 150 millones; 2) China e India albergan más del 80 % de las missing women y el resto se distribuyen varios países de Asia oriental y meridional, del sur del Cáucaso y de Europa sudoriental; 3) en los países con rígidos sistemas de parentesco patrilineal y patrilocal, los abortos selectivos de niñas se dispararon cuando la fecundidad se desplomó y se difundieron las máquinas de ultrasonidos, y ello sustituyó parcialmente a la selección postnatal de sexo; 4) Asia oriental ha disfrutado de un jugoso dividendo demográfico, pero, desde hace más de una década, su economía se ve lastrada por el rápido crecimiento del peso relativo de su población dependiente; y, 5) la masculinización de los nacimientos ha provocado y seguirá provocando, con un retardo aproximado de década y media, la masculinización de la población adulta y, por ende, un grave desequilibrio en el mercado matrimonial que constituye una grave amenaza para la estabilidad social de varios países, especialmente de China.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet