El storytelling de la campaña presidencial portuguesa de 2016. Rebelo de Sousa vs. Sampaio da Nóvoa
- Díez, Jaime López 1
- Verissimo, Jorge 2
- 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
- 2 Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Portugal
ISSN: 1980-5462, 0102-6992
Any de publicació: 2020
Volum: 35
Número: 3
Pàgines: 909-933
Tipus: Article
Altres publicacions en: Sociedade e Estado
Resum
El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar el storytelling de la campaña política de los dos principales candidatos a la presidencia de Portugal en las elecciones de 2016: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa y António Sampaio da Nóvoa. La metodología empleada ha sido el análisis de contenido de los Personajes y la Trama en sus discursos de presentación de candidatura y en las noticias sobre sus campañas en los periódicos Expresso y Público. Los resultados muestran, en el análisis de prensa escrita, una relación entre el uso del personaje del villano y las encuestas de intención de voto, una mayor referencia en ambos candidatos a la situación de equilibrio final, así como que Rebelo de Sousa basó su narrativa en el héroe, mientras que en Sampaio da Nóvoa es significativa el recurso al villano.
Referències bibliogràfiques
- ALEXANDER, Jeffrey. The performance of politics. Obama’s Victory and the democratic struggle for power. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- ANDREWS, Molly. Shaping history: narratives of political change. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- ANKER, Elisabeth. Villains, victims and heroes: melodrama, media, and September 11. Journal of Communication, v. 55, n. 1, p. 22-37, 2005.
- ANSOLABEHERE, Stephen; IYENGAR, Shanto. Going negative. How political advertisements shrink & polarize the electorate. New York: The Free Press, 1995.
- ARISTÓTELES. Poética. México (DF): Bibliotheca Scriptorvm Graecorvm et Romanorvm Mexicana, 1946.
- BAL, Mieke. Narratology. Introduction to the theory of narrative. Toronto (CA): University of Toronto Press, 1985.
- BARTON, Jared; CASTILLO, Marco; PETRIE, Ragan. Negative campaigning, fundraising, and voter turnout: a field experiment. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, v. 121, p. 99-113, 2016.
- BERGSTRAND, Kelly; JASPER, James M. Villains, victims, and heroes in character theory and affect control theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, v. 81, n. 3, p. 228-247, 2018.
- BJÖRNINEN, Samuli; HATAVARA, Mari; MÄKELÄ, Maria. Narrative as social action: a narratological approach to story, discourse and positioning in political storytelling. Journal of Social Research Methodology, v. 23, n. 4, p. 437-449, 2020.
- BORBA, Felipe . Propaganda negativa nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras. Opinião Pública, v. 21, n.2, p. 268-295, 2015.
- BOTO, Carlota. António Nóvoa: uma vida para a educação. Educação e Pesquisa, v. 44, p. 1-24, 2018.
- CASAÑ-PITARCH, Ricardo. Mr. president, discourse matters: a contrastive analysis of Donald Trump and Barack Obama’s siscourse. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics, v. 9, n. 1, p. 173-185, 2018.
- CASTROMIL, Anton R. Negativismo mediático y campaña electoral en las elecciones generales de 2008. REIS, v. 139, p. 163-174, 2012.
- CHATMAN, Seymour. Story and discourse. Narrative structure in fiction and film. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University Press, 1978.
- CHARTERISBLACK, Jonathan. Analysing political speeches: rhetoric, discourse and metaphor. Hampshire (UK): Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
- CHOU, Mark; BLEIKER, Roland; PREMARATNA, Nilanjana. Elections as theater. Washington (DC): American Political Science Association, 2016.
- CLÉMENT, Maéva; LINDEMANN, Thomas; SANGAR, Eric. The “hero-protector narrative”: manufacturing emotional consent for the use of force. Political Psychology, v. 38, n. 6, p. 991-1008, 2016.
- COUGHLIN, Alex T. The challenges of populism: an analysis of teaparty structuring narratives. Tesis Doctoral, Colorado State Univesrity, 2011.
- CURINI, Luigi. The direction of Valence campaigning in two dimensions. In: ______(Org.). Corruption, ideology, and populism. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
- DAMORE, David F. Candidate strategy and the decision to go negative. Political Research Quarterly, v. 55, n. 3, p. 669-686, 2002.
- DEIGHTON, John, ROMER, Daniel; MCQUEEN, Josh. Using drama to persuade. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 16, n. 3, p. 335, 1989.
- FIGUEIRAS, Rita. O efeito Marcelo: o comentário político na televisão. Lisboa: Fundação Francisco Manuel dos Santos, 2019.
- GOMEZ-ZARA, Diego; BOON, Miriam; BIRNBAUM, Larry. Who is the hero, the vil-lain, and the victim?: detection of roles in news articles using natural language techniques. IUI '18: 23rd International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, p. 311-315, March 2018.
- GRAÇA, Francisco. A política e os media: o enviesamento da imprensa portuguesa em 2009 e 2015. Dissertação de mestrado. Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE/IUL), 2017.
- GRAY, Garry; JONES, Michael D. A qualitative narrative policy framework? Examining the policy narratives of US campaign finance regulatory reform. Public Policy and Administration, v. 31, n. 3, p. 193-220, 2016.
- HANSEN, Kasper M.; PEDERSEN, Rasmus T. Negative campaigning in a multiparty system. Scandinavian Political Studies, v. 31, n. 4, p. 408-427, 2008.
- HANSKA, Jan. Reagan’s mythical America. Storytelling as political leadership. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
- HASSELL, Hans J. G. Desperate times call for desperate measures: electoral competitiveness, poll position, and campaign negativity. Political Behavior, p. 1-23, Aug. 2019.
- HEISE, David R. Expressive order. Boston (MA): Springer, 2007.
- JASPER, James M.; YOUNG, Michael P.; ZUERN, E. Public characters. The politics of reputation and blame. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020.
- JASPER, James M. Character work in social movements. Theory and Society, v. 47, n. 1, p. 113-131, 2018.
- KIRKPATRICK, Kellee J.; STOUTENBOROUGH, James W. Strategy, narratives, and reading the public: developing a micro-level theory of political strategies within the narrative policy framework. Policy Studies Journal, v. 46, n. 4, p. 949-977, 2018.
- KLEIN, Sarah; MASON, Tom. How to win an election. The New York Times. 18 Feb. 2016. Recuperado de: <https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/18/opinion/how-to-win-an-election.html>. Fecha de acceso: 05 Jun. 2020.» https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/18/opinion/how-to-win-an-election.html
- LAU, Richard R., SIGELMAN, Lee; ROVNER, Ivy B. The effects of negative political campaigns: a meta-analytic reassessment. Journal of Politics, v. 69, n. 4, . 1176-1209, 2007.
- LOURENÇO, Luiz Claudio. Propaganda negativa: ataque versus votos nas eleições presidenciais de 2002. Opinião Pública, v. 15, n. 1, p. 133-158, 2009.
- MCBATH, James H.; FISHER, Walter R. Persuasion in presidential campaign communication. Quarterly Journal of Speech, v. 55, n. 1, p. 17-25, 1969.
- MCBETH, Mark K.; SHANAHAN, Elizabeth A. Public opinion for sale: the role of policy marketers in greater yellowstone policy conflict. Policy Sciences, v. 37, n. 3, p. 319-338, 2004.
- MCBETH, Mark K.; SHANAHAN, Elizabeth A.; JONES, Michael D. The science of Storytelling: measuring policy beliefs in Greater Yellowstone. Society & Natural Resources, v. 18, n. 5, p. 413-442, 2005.
- MCHALE, John P. Media coverage of corruption and scandal in the 2016 presidential election: fantasy themes of crooked Hillary and corrupt businessman Trump. In: LIND, N. S.; ROBE-HEMP, C. E. (Orgs.). Corruption, Accountability and Discretion, v. 29, p. 107-123, 2017.
- MCMORRIS, Claire; ZANOCCO, Chad; JONES, Michael. Policy narratives and policy outcomes: an NPF examination of Oregon’s Ballot Measure 97. Policy Studies Journal, v. 46, n. 4, p. 771-797, 2018.
- MERELMAN, Richard M. The dramaturgy of politics. The Sociological Quarterly, v. 10, n. 2, p. 216-241, 1969.
- MIGUEL, Luis Felipe; BIROLI, Flávia; SALGADO, Susana. Meios de comunicação e política: evolução histórica e comparações entre Brasil e Portugal. In: PRIOR, H.; GUAZINA, L.; ARAUJO, B. (Orgs.). Diálogos lusófonos em comunicação e política. Lisboa: LabCom Books, 2017.
- NAI, Alessandro; SCIARINI, Pascal. Why “going negative?” Strategic and situational determinants of personal attacks in Swiss direct democratic votes. Journal of Political Marketing, v. 17, n. 4, p. 1-31, 2015.
- NIMMO, Dan. Elections as ritual drama. Society, v. 22, n. 4, p. 31-38, 1985.
- OSGOOD, Charles E.; SUCI, George J.; TANNEBAUM, Percy H. The measurement of meaning. Urbana (IL): The University of Illinois Press, 1957.
- PAGE, Janis T.; DUFFY, Margaret E. What does credibility look like? Tweets and walls in U.S. presidential candidates’ visual storytelling. Journal of Political Marketing, v. 17, n. 1, p. 3-31, 2016.
- PAQUETE DE OLIVEIRA, José Manuel. Não há jornais de direita nem de esquerda em Portugal. Público, 06 Jun. 2016. Recuperado de: <ttps://www.publico.pt/2016/06/06/sociedade/opiniao/nao-ha-jornais-de-direita-nem-de-esquerda-em-portugal-1734159>. Fecha de acceso: 11 Jun. 2020.
- PEREIRA, Miguel M. Do parties respond strategically to opinion polls? Evidence from campaign statements. Electoral Studies, v. 59, p. 78-86, 2019.
- PEREIRA, Miguel M. As eleições presidenciais através das sondagens, 12 Jan. 2016. Recuperado de: <https://miguelmpereira.com/2016/01/12/as-eleicoes-presidenciais-atraves-das-sondagens/>. Fecha de acceso: 08 Jun. 2020. » https://miguelmpereira.com/2016/01/12/as-eleicoes-presidenciais-atraves-das-sondagens
- POLKINGHORNE, Donald E. Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Albany (NY): State University of New York Press, 1988.
- POLLETTA, Francesca. It was like a fever. Chicago (IL): University of Chicago Press, 2006.
- SHANAHAN, Elizabeth A., MCBETH, Mark K. y HATHAWAY, Paul. L. Narrative policy framework: the influence of media policy narratives on public opinion. Politics & Policy, v. 39, n. 3, p. 373-400, 2011.
- SIMORANGKIR, Deborah N.; PAMUNGKAS, Sigit. Strategic political communication through storytelling: A case study of the “Democreative Tales of Jokowi’s Blusukan” comics. Public Relations Journal (Special Issue), p. 1-22, 2017.
- STONE, Deborah. Policy paradox: the art of political decision making. New York: WW. Norton, 2002.
- SHIV, Baba; HUBER, Joel. The impact of anticipating satisfaction on consumer choice. Journal of Consumer Research, v. 27, n. 2, p. 202-216, 2000.
- SWERTS, Thomas. Gaining a voice: storytelling and undocumented youth activism in Chicago. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, v. 20, n. 3, p. 345-360, 2015.
- TEDDLIE, Charles; TASHAKKORI, Abbas. Foundations of mixed methods research. Los Angeles (CA): Sage, 2009.
- TODOROV, Tzvetan. Literatura y significación. Barcelona (ES): Planeta, 1963.
- VROMEN, Ariadne; COLEMAN, William. Online campaigning organizations and storytelling strategies: GetUp! in Australia. Policy & Internet, v. 5, n. 1, 76-100, 2013.
- WOLF, Larissa. The use of rhetorical devices in selected speeches by Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump during the electoral campaign 2016. Disertación de Máster, Universidad de Viena, 2017.