The Domestic Work Sector in the European Union: Quantification, Evolution and Policies to Combat Precariousness

  1. Alonso, Nuria 3
  2. Trillo del Pozo, David 2
  3. Vicent Valverde, Lucía 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  2. 2 Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
    info

    Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01v5cv687

  3. 3 ICEI Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (UCM), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies

ISSN: 2014-3613

Año de publicación: 2024

Páginas: 1-19

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.17583/GENEROS.12699 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Multidisciplinary Journal of Gender Studies

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

This article analyzes the domestic work and paid care sector in the countries of the European Union (EU), which includes jobs mostly carried out by women, generally with a serious lack of job protection, low wages, degraded working conditions, informality, precariousness and “invisibility” of tasks, etc. However, these jobs represent essential services for society, since in addition to caring for family members and dependents, personal and domestic care needs must be covered.From an operational perspective, the very characteristics of domestic work do not facilitate the collection of specific statistics necessary for the study of working conditions. This problem of statistical invisibility further slows down progress in establishing measures to improve the quality of employment for these workers. Therefore, it is necessary to address the discussion on the conceptual delimitation of domestic work and the measurement criteria adopted internationally, with special emphasis on those observed in the EU.Finally, the most advanced national regulations that try to reconcile the improvement of the working conditions of women employed in domestic work with the fact of promoting these services to cover the assistance needs of many households with economic difficulties are analyzed.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alonso, N.; Trillo, D. y Vicent, L. (2022).Análisis del sector de trabajo doméstico de las mujeres en la Unión Europea: enfoque conceptual y limitaciones estadísticas, Revista de Economía Mundial,(60), 151-171. https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i60.5621
  • Álvarez, H. (2021) Precariedad del trabajo retribuido de cuidados: origen y mecanismos de solución. Lex Social: Revista De Derechos Sociales, 11(2), 570-593. https://doi.org/10.46661/lexsocial.5961
  • Consejo Económico y Social (CES) (2021).El sistema de promoción de la autonomía personal y atención a las personas en situación de dependencia. Colección Informes, 03/2020. https://www.ces.es/documents/10180/5226728/Inf0320.pdf
  • Christofides, L. (2018).European Centre of Expertise (ECE) in the Field of Labour Law, Employment and Labour Market policy Labour Market Policy. Thematic Review 2018: An analysis of Personal and Household Services to Support Work Life Balance for Working Parents and Carers: Cyprus. European Commission.
  • Ciccarone, G. (2018). ECEin the Field of Labour Law, Employment and Labour Market Policy Labour Market Policy. Thematic Review 2018: An Analysis of Personal and Household Services to Support Work Life Balance for Working Parents and Carers: Italy.
  • European Commission. Duell, N. (2018).Gaps in access to social protection for mini-jobs in Germany –Case study, European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2767/928194.
  • Duell, N andVetter, T. (2018).ECEin the Field of Labour Law, Employment and Labour Market Policy Labour Market Policy. Thematic Review 2018: An analysis of Personal and Household Services to Support Work Life Balance for Working Parents and Carers: Germany.
  • European Commission. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Garben, S. (2018).Protecting workers in the Online Platform Economy : an overview of regulatory and policy developments in the EU. Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2802/918187
  • European Commission(2018).An analysis of Personal and Household Services to support work life balance for working parents and carers. https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=20330&langId=enEuropean Commission(2013).
  • Developing personal and household services in the EU –A focus on housework activities. https://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=9725&langId=en
  • European Commission(2012).Commission Staff Working Document on exploiting the employment potential of the personal and household services.
  • European Commission (2008).NACE Rev. 2 –Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community.https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5902521/KS-RA-07-015-EN.PDF
  • European Federation for Services to Individuals (EFSI) (2018).PHS Industry Monitor Statistical Overview of the Personal and Household Services Sector in the European Union. European Federation for Services to Individuals. http://www.efsi-europe.eu/fileadmin/MEDIA/publications/2018/PHS_Industry_monitor_April_2018.pdf
  • European Parliament (2016).Resolution of 28 April 2016 on women domestic workers and carers in the EU. (2015/2094(INI))
  • European Parliament.European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) (2018). Out of Sight: Migrant Women Exploited in Domestic Work. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. http://fra.europa.eu/sites/default/files/fra_uploads/fra-2018-migrant-women-labour-exploitation-domestic-work_en.pdf
  • Gómez, C; Pérez, K. y Dussert, D. (2012) Sin tiempos: entre la jornada de trabajo femenino y la maternidad en un contexto laboral flexible, Laboreal[Online], 8(1).https://doi.org/10.4000/laboreal.7280
  • González Gago, E. and Carrandi, R. (2018).ECE in the Field of Labour Law, Employment and Labour Market Policy Thematic Review 2018: An Analysis of Personal and Household Services to Support Work Life Balance for Working Parents and Carers: Spain. European Commission.
  • International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF) (2020).The Impacts of COVID-19 on Domestic Workers and Policy Responses. IDWF.
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2021).Making Decent Work a Reality for Domestic Workers. Progress and Prospects Ten Years after the Adoption of the Domestic Workers Convention.
  • ILO (Nº89/2011). https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_802551.pdfILO (2019).Care work and care jobs for the future of decent work. -
  • ILO(2018a).The Definition of Domestic Work and Domestic Workers for Statistical Purposes. Conference paper6/7/2018.
  • ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---stat/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_636044.pdfILO(2018b).Care Work and Care Jobs for the Future of Decent Work. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_633135.pdf
  • ILO(2017).Formalizing Domestic Work. Domestic Work Policy Brief, nº 10. Inclusive Labour Markets. Labour Relations and Working Conditions Branch (INWORK).
  • ILO ILO(2014). Las instituciones de la UE promueven la ratificación del convenio 189 de la ILO sobre trabajo doméstico. Noticia de ILO. https://www.ilo.org/madrid/eventos-y-campa%C3%B1as/WCMS_236430/lang--es/index.htm
  • ILO(2013).Domestic workers across the world: Global and regional statistics and the extent of legal protection. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_173363.pdf
  • International Labour Organization (ILO) (2011)C189 -Domestic Workers Convention, 2011. ILO and WIEGO (2013). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture. ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_626831.pdf
  • Jódar, P. and Pericás, J. (2017).Precarización y degradación del trabajo. Revista de Economía Crítica, (23),112-120.https://revistaeconomiacritica.org/index.php/rec/article/view/135
  • López, M. and Ferrando, F. (2021).Precariedad y desprotección social del trabajo de limpieza y cuidados ante la situación de crisis sanitaria provocada por la Covid-19, Revista Internacional y Comparada de relaciones laborales y derecho del empleo, 9(1), 214-245.https://ejcls.adapt.it/index.php/rlde_adapt/article/view/951
  • Naumann, R. (2018). ECE in the Field of Labour Law, Employment and Labour Market PolicyThematic Review 2018: An analysis of Personal and Household Services to Support Work Life Balance for Working parents and Carers: Portugal. European Commission.
  • Picchi, S. (2016).The Elderly Care and Domestic Services Sector during the Recent Economic Crisis. The Case of Italy, Spain and France. Investigaciones Feministas, 7(1), 169-190. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_INFE.2016.v7.n1.52067
  • Rand, S. y Rossow, V. (2020). Personal and Household Services (PHS) Policies and Instruments: State of Play. Institute for Economics, Labour and Culture (IWAK)/Centre of Goethe University Frankfur.
  • Razavi, S. (2007).The Political and Social Economy of Care in a Development Context Conceptual Issues, Research Questions and Policy Options. Gender and Development Programme Paper Number 3 (June 2007). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. https://cdn.unrisd.org/assets/library/papers/pdf-files/razavi-paper.pdf
  • URSSAF. Au Service de Notre Protection Sociales (2021). Taux de Cotisations. URSSAF. https://www.urssaf.fr/portail/home/employeur/calculer-les-cotisations/les-taux-de-cotisations.html
  • Villota, P.; Ferrari, I. and Vázquez, S. (2011).Impacto de la crisis económica en el trabajo doméstico remunerado domiciliario y propuesta de medidas de política fiscal, social y laboral para estimular su formalización y profesionalización. Instituto de la Mujer, Fondo Social Europeo. https://www.inmujeres.gob.es/observatorios/observIgualdad/estudiosInformes/docs/impCrisisEcoTrabDomic.pdf