Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: A Collusive Friendship

  1. Baumert, Thomas 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Libro:
On Music, Money and Markets

ISBN: 9783031432255,  9783031432262

Año de publicación: 2023

Páginas: 45-68

Tipo: Capítulo de Libro

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43226-2_3 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Resumen

Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart—who considered themselves friends—rank among the most important classical composers of all times. The present chapter studies the evolution of their finances, considering both their incomes and expenditures. And while incomes did not differ too much between both musicians, expenditures did so greatly. Haydn, who opted for a comfortable yet not luxurious lifestyle, was always keen to save money and to have his expenses covered by his employers. Mozart, on the other hand, opted for the lavish lifestyle of Vienna’s upper class, which he could not finance after the outbreak of the war in 1787, forcing him to beg for short time loans to cover his debts. Yet, shortly before his death, his incomes shoot up again—only too late. Haydn for his part, also took advantage of the growing music publishing business and of two “tours” to England, from which he gained enormous net benefits.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Albert, Hermann. 1978. W. A. Mozart: Neubearbeitete und erweiterte Ausgabe von Otto Jahns Mozart (2 vols). Leipzig.
  • Bär, Carl. 1978. ‘Er war kein guter Wirth’: Eine Studie über Mozarts Verhältnis zum Geld. Acta Mozartiana 1978: 30–53.
  • Baresel, Alfred. 1953. Joseph Haydn. Leben und Werk. Hamburg: Sikorski.
  • Baumol, William J. and Hilda Baumol. 1994. On the Economics of Musical Composition in Mozart’s Vienna. Journal of Cultural Economics 18: 171–198.
  • Baur, Eva Gesine. 2014. Mozart—Genius und Eros. München: C. H. Beck.
  • Bauer, Günther G. 2009. Mozart. Geld, Ruhm und Ehre. Bad Honnef: K. H. Bock.
  • Braunbehrens, Volkmar. 1990. Mozart in Vienna 1781–1791. London: Andre Deutsch.
  • Brenet, Michel [i.e. Marie Bobilier]. 1909. Haydn. Paris.
  • Brown, A. Peter. 1992. Haydn and Mozart’s 1773 Stay in Vienna: Weeding a Musicological Garden. The Journal of Musicology 10 (2): 192–230.
  • Caeyers, Jan. 2015. Beethoven. Der einsame Revolutionär. München: C. H. Beck.
  • Carpani, Giuseppe Antonio. 1812. La Haydine overo Letterer sulla vita e le opere del celebre maestro Giuseppe Haydn. Milano.
  • Carr, Francis. 1983. Mozart and Constanze. John Murray.
  • Dies, A. C. 1810. Biographische Nachrichten von Joseph Haydn. Wien [Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits]. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Eibl, Joseph Heinz. 1977. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Chronik eines Lebens. München: dtv.
  • Einstein, Alfred. 1945. Mozart: His Character. His Work. London: OUP.
  • Evertz, Leonhard, and Marianne Evertz. 1980. Mozarts Sterbehaus. Seine letzte Wohnung: eine soziologische Betrachtung. Aachen: Evertz.
  • Feder, Georg. 1999. Joseph Haydn. Die Schöpfung. Kassel: Bärenreiter.
  • Geiringer, Karl. 1982. Haydn: A Creative Life in Music. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Griesinger, G. A. 1810. Biographische Notizen über Joseph Haydn. Leipzig [Haydn: Two Contemporary Portraits]. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press.
  • Haydn, Joseph. 1965. Gesammelte Briefe und Aufzeichnungen. Edited by Dénes Bartha using source material from the collection of H. C. Robbins Landond. Kassel et al.
  • Heartz, Daniel. 1995. Haydn, Mozart and the Viennese School: 1740–1780. New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Hildesheimer, Wolfgang. 1977. Mozart. Frankfurt am Main [English translation, New York, 1982].
  • Huss, Manfred. 1984. Joseph Haydn—Klassiker zwischen Barock und Biedermeier. Eisenstadt: Edition Roetzer.
  • Irmen, Hans-Josef. 2007. Joseph Haydn—Leben und Werk. Köln, Weimar, Wien: Böhlau.
  • Jacob, Heinrich Eduard. 1954. Haydn—Seine Kunst, seine Zeit, sein Ruhm. Hamburg: Christian Wegner Verlag.
  • Jahn, Otto. 1856–1859. Mozart (4 volumes). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.
  • Knispel, Claudia Maria. 2003. Joseph Haydn. Reinbek.
  • Koch, Jacob Johannes. 2009. Heiliger Haydn? Der Begründer der Wiener Klassik und seine Religiosität. Kevelaer: Butzon und Bercker.
  • Korinek, Karl. 2009. Joseph Haydn: Erneuerung und Vollendung. Wien: Manz.
  • Kraemer, Uwe. 1976. Wer hat Mozart verhungern lassen? Musica 30 (3): 203–211.
  • Landon, H. C. Robbins. 1976–1980. Haydn: Chronicle and Works, 5 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Landon, H. C. Robbins and Jones, David Wyn. 1988. Joseph Haydn. His Life and Music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
  • Landon. 1988. Mozart’s Last Year. London: Thames & Hudson.
  • Larsen, Jens Peter. 1982. Händel und Haydn. Händel Jahrbuch 28: 93–98.
  • Lorenz, Michael. 2010. Mozart’s Apartment on the Alsergrund. Newsletter of the Mozart Society of Amerika 14: 4–9.
  • Lorenz, Michael. 2012. Günther G. Bauer: Mozart. Geld, Ruhm und Ehre. [Book Review]. Michael Lorenz: Günther G. Bauer: Mozart. Geld, Ruhm und Ehre (michaelorenz.at)
  • Lütteken, Laurenz. 2017. Mozart—Leben und Musik im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. München: C. H. Beck.
  • Marggraf, Wolfgang. 1990. Joseph Haydn. Versuch einer Annäherung. Leipzig: Reclam.
  • Massin, Jean and Brigitte Massin. 1970. Mozart. Biographie, histoire des oeuvres, catalogues. Paris: Fayard.
  • Mathew, Nicholas. 2022. The Haydn Economy. Music, Aesthetics, and Commerce in the Late Eighteenth Century. Chicago & London: Chicago University Press.
  • Mayer, Anton. 2008. Joseph Haydn. Das Genie und seine Zeit. Wien: Amalthea Signum.
  • Moore, Julia. 1989. Mozart in the marketplace. Journal of the Royal Musical Association 114: 18–42.
  • Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus. 1962–1975. Briefe und Aufzeichnungen, 7 vols. Complete edition by Wilhelm Bauer, Otto Erich Deutsch and Joseph Eibl. Salzburg: Stiftung Mozarteum.
  • Muti, Riccardo. 2020. Le sette parole di Cristo. Bologna: il Mulino.
  • Niemetschek, Franz Xaver. 1798. Leben des k. k. Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb Mozart.
  • Nissen, Georg Nikolaus von. 1828. Biographie W. A. Mozarts. Herausgegeben von Constanze, Witwe von Nissen, früher Witwe Mozart.
  • Paumgartner, Bernhard. 1927. Mozart. Zürich. Wegweiser.
  • Rosen, Charles. 1972. The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Sadie, Stankey. 2006. Mozart—The early years 1756–1781. New York and London.
  • Scherer, Frederic M. 2004. Quarter Notes and Bank Notes: The Economics of Music Compostition in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Schenk, Erich. 1977. Mozart. Eine Biographie. Mainz: Piper.
  • Schmidt, Ernst Fritz, and Ernest Sanders. 1956. Mozart and Haydn. The Musical Quarterly 42 (2): 145–161.
  • Schmidt, Leopold. 1898. Haydn. Berlin: Harmonie.
  • Schurig, Arthur. 1923. Wolfgang Amadé Mozart. Sein Leben, seine Persönlichkeit, sein Werk, 2 vols. Leipzig.
  • Solomon, Maynard. 1995. Mozart. New York: Harper Collins.
  • Sopeña, Federico. 1945. Ensayos musicales. Madrid: Editora Nacional.
  • Stapert, Calvin R. 2014. Playing Before the Lord, The Life and Work of Joseph Haydn. Rapid Falls & Cambridge: W.B. Eerdmans.
  • Steptoe, Andrew. 1984. Mozart and Poverty: A Re-Examination of the Evidence. The Musical times 125: 196–201.
  • Swafford, Jan. 2020. Mozart. The Reign of Love. New York: Harper.
  • Till, Nicholas. 1973. Mozart and the Enlightment. New York: W. W. Norton.
  • Tyler, Steven. 2011. Does the Noise in My Head Bother You? London: Harper Collins.
  • Ulm, Renate. 2007. Haydns Londoner Symphonien. Entstehung, Deutung, Wirkung. München und Kassel: dtv & Bärenreiter.
  • Vignal, Marc. 1988. Joseph Haydn. Paris: Seghers.
  • Wolff, Christoph. 1991. Mozarts Requiem. München: dtv/Bärenreiter.
  • Wolff, Christoph. 2012. Mozart at the Gateway to his Fortune: Serving the Emperor, 1788–1791. New York: W. W. Norton.